Summary
This page provides users with an overview of significant content updates in AMBOSS from 2017 through 2025. At this time we are reporting newly published articles, sections that have undergone substantial rework of content, new multimedia/images, and new flowcharts on a monthly basis. Please note that not all changes are reported – smaller changes and updates are too numerous to also include here. The turnover of Qbank progress is currently too high to provide direct links to these updates, but they can be found by using the "Custom Session" after clicking "Create a Session" in the Qbank area.
Our editorial staff is happy to provide you with new content, and we will continue doing our best to optimize AMBOSS for medical professionals around the world! If there's something that you'd still like to see added or improved, feel free to let us know via the feedback function found throughout our content or clicking “Feedback” at the bottom of each section.
See "AMBOSS content updates 2026" for an overview of the latest updates.
December 2025
Questions
Articles
-
New articles
- Hepatic infarction
- Peritoneal inclusion cysts
- Hearing loss in children
- Fecal incontinence in children
- Enuresis
- Superior mesenteric artery syndrome
- Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection
- Gastric varices
- Portosinusoidal vascular disorder
- Benign lesions of the stomach and small intestine
- Benign esophageal neoplasms
- Congenital anomalies of the pancreas
- Care of the athlete
- Nonesophageal eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders
- Pancreatic cystic neoplasms
- Revised articles
November 2025
Questions
- 15 revised USMLE questions
- 6 revised NEJM K+ questions
- 5 revised PA questions
- 1 revised SMLE question
Articles
-
New articles
- Sepsis in pregnancy and postpartum
- Anal stenosis
- Rectal strictures
- Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
- Chronic wounds
- Limp in children
- Granulomatous hepatitis
- Small bowel diverticular disease
- Biliary strictures and secondary sclerosing cholangitis
- Lead poisoning
- Precocious puberty
- Delayed onset of puberty
- Neurogenic bowel dysfunction
- Hepatic angiosarcoma
- Intra-amniotic infection
- Intestinal failure
- Splenic vein thrombosis
- Autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes
- Intestinal lymphangiectasia
- Peliosis hepatis
- Autoimmune pancreatitis
- Appendiceal cancer
- Hepatomegaly
- Short bowel syndrome
- Hepatolithiasis
-
Revised articles
- Substance-related and addictive disorders
- Vulvovaginitis
- Acute wounds
- Acute appendicitis
- Biliary cancer
- Erythema nodosum
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Femoral shaft fracture
- Ulcerative colitis
- Puberty
- Adolescent health care
- Hypothyroidism
- Atopic dermatitis
- Transient global amnesia
- Abnormal labor and delivery
- Diabetes mellitus
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy
- Bacteria overview
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- New Quick guides
October 2025
September 2025
Questions
- 15 revised USMLE questions
- 1 revised PA question
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
- New Quick Guides
August 2025
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Pulmonary embolism
- Hypertensive pregnancy disorders
- Abnormal uterine bleeding
- Lipid disorders
- Coronary artery disease
- Constipation
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Tall stature
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Alcohol-associated hepatitis
- Chronic liver disease
- Myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome
- New Quick Guides
July 2025
Questions
- 18 revised USMLE questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Folate deficiency
- Cushing syndrome
- Hypothyroidism
- Metal poisoning
- Vaginal bleeding
- Ulcerative colitis
- Infective endocarditis
- Contraception
- Dengue
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Migraine
- Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
- Impulse and conduct disorders
- Rubella
- Infectious rashes in childhood
- New Quick Guides
June 2025
Questions
- 6 revised USMLE questions
- 1 revised PA question
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Arginine vasopressin disorders
- Tick-borne diseases
- Chronic kidney disease
- Acute asthma exacerbation
- Asthma
- Parkinson-plus syndromes
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia infections
- Talus fractures
- Neonatal bacterial infections
- Diaper dermatitis
- Infectious rashes in childhood
- Herpes simplex virus infections
- Intestinal malrotation, midgut volvulus, and gastric volvulus
- Insulin
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Hypomagnesemia
- Hypermagnesemia
May 2025
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Contraception
- Botulism
- Child maltreatment
- Gas gangrene
- Cirrhosis
- Scrotal abnormalities
- Hyperglycemic crises
- Diabetes mellitus
- Impulse and conduct disorders
- Myocarditis
- Acute cholecystitis
- Vaginal bleeding
- Sinusitis
- Inpatient management of hyperglycemia
- Ischemic hepatitis
- Well-child visits
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Communication in health care
- Autonomic nervous system
April 2025
Questions
- 36 revised USMLE questions
- 5 revised PA questions
- 2 revised NEJM K+ questions
- 1 revised SMLE question
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Salicylate poisoning
- Infertility
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Pericarditis
- Coxsackievirus infections
- Acute pancreatitis
- Hyponatremia
- Atrial fibrillation
- Airway obstruction
- Developmental dysplasia of the hip
- Immunization schedule
- Carbon monoxide toxicity
- Influenza
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection
- Overview of stroke
- Biceps tendinopathy and biceps tendon rupture
- Otitis externa
- Carcinoid syndrome
- Pityriasis versicolor
- Mental status examination
- Approach to psychosis
- Sympathomimetic drugs
- Shock
- Neurological examination
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Parenteral anticoagulation
- COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019)
- Management of tachycardia
- Cardiovascular examination
- Atrial fibrillation
March 2025
Questions
- 2 new USMLE questions
- 63 revised USMLE questions
- 14 revised PA questions
- 3 revised NEJM K+ questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Urinary incontinence
- Acute appendicitis
- Acute heart failure
- Human immunodeficiency virus
- Prenatal care
- Vascular dementia
- Measles
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Nonallergic rhinitis
- Hypothermia and frostbite
- Hematuria
- Schizophrenia
- Myocarditis
- Encephalitis
- Rabies
- Parvovirus B19 infections
- Hirschsprung disease
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
- Approach to psychosis
- Myocardial infarction
- Ocular motility disorders and strabismus
- Signal transduction
- Sexuality and sexual medicine
- Protein-energy malnutrition
- Tic disorders
February 2025
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Peripheral arterial disease
- Giant cell arteritis
- Sexual dysfunction and paraphilic disorders
- Priapism
- Family planning
- Roseola infantum
- Ischemic stroke
- Polymyalgia rheumatica
- Overactive bladder and urgency urinary incontinence
- Scarlet fever
- Stress urinary incontinence
- Antiemetics
- Tic disorders
- Endometrial cancer
- Benign and premalignant lesions of the endometrium
- Hip pain
- Food allergy
- Esophagitis
- Necrotizing enterocolitis
- Autoimmune blistering diseases
- Testicular tumors
- Fever of unknown origin
- Q fever
- Liver
- Toxic alcohol poisoning
January 2025
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Tuberculosis
- Meckel diverticulum
- Fecal incontinence
- Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy
- Tremor
- Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- The menstrual cycle
- Induced abortion
- Mediastinal mass
- Multifetal gestation
- Acute rheumatic fever
- Dermatophyte infections
- Osteoporosis
- Autoimmune blistering diseases
- Influenza
- Head and neck carcinomas
- Elbow dislocation
- Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- Lymphadenopathy
- Testicular tumors
- Neural tube defects
- Hematuria
- Achalasia
- Principles of pain management
- Insertional tendinopathy
- Idiopathic scoliosis
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Pneumonia
- Principles of dermatology
- Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- Acute leukemia
- Interpreting medical evidence
December 2024
November 2024
Questions
- 49 revised USMLE questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Candidiasis
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Breast cancer
- Bowel surgery
- Obesity and metabolic syndrome
- Sudden infant death syndrome
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
- Food allergy
- Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- Tuberculosis
- Seborrheic dermatitis
- Infective endocarditis
- ECG
- Clerkship guide
- Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- Oligohydramnios
- Tinnitus
- Influenza
- Nipple discharge
- Vitiligo
- Helminth infections
- Amebiasis
- Achilles tendon rupture
- Anal fissures
- Immunization schedule
- Respiratory syncytial virus infection
- Mpox
- COVID-19
- Acute heart failure
October 2024
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Breast cancer
- Pityriasis rosea
- Erythema multiforme
- Brucellosis
- Lichen planus
- Folate deficiency
- Budd-Chiari syndrome
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Burns
- Suicide
- Prenatal care
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
- Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale
- Valvular heart disease
- Acyanotic congenital heart disease
- Alcohol-associated liver disease
- Vertebral injuries
- Pregnancy loss
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Poisoning
- Cholelithiasis
September 2024
Questions
- 207 revised USMLE questions
- 14 new USMLE questions
- 12 paragraph-style
- 2 H&P style
- 3 new NEJM Knowledge+ questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Pulmonary embolism
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Alcohol-associated hepatitis
- Introduction to geriatrics
- Opioid use disorder
- Family planning
- Human papillomavirus infection
- Pneumonia
- Typhoid and paratyphoid fever
- Portal hypertension
- Tibial and fibular fractures
- Subacute thyroiditis
- Prenatal care
- Overview of alcohol use
- Febrile seizures
- Hematuria
- Acute cholecystitis
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Arginine vasopressin disorders (diabetes insipidus)
- Biliary cancer
- Pituitary adenoma
- Dissection of the carotid and the vertebral arteries
- Diagnostic investigations and procedures in urology
August 2024
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Brain abscess
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Diabetic kidney disease
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Glomerular diseases
- Nephritic syndrome
- Rosacea
- Normal labor and delivery
- Malabsorption
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Lice infestation
- Clavicle fracture
- Strongyloidiasis
- Contraception
- Lichen sclerosus
- Schistosomiasis
- Laryngeal carcinoma
- Chlamydia infections
- Gonorrhea
- Lyme disease
- Mycoplasma genitalium infection
- Radiation injury
- Inflammation of the eyelids
- Anal cancer
- Principles of cancer care
July 2024
Questions
- 27 new Step 2 CK questions
- 3 new NEJM Knowledge+ questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
June 2024
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Vulvar and vaginal cancer
- Periprocedural management of oral anticoagulant therapy
- Retinal vessel occlusion
- Pilonidal disease
- Asthma
- Candidiasis
- Noninfectious tenosynovitis
- Breast cancer
- Spinal cord injuries
- Aspergillosis
- Lung cancer
- IgA nephropathy
- Scaphoid fracture
- Acyanotic congenital heart defects
- Introduction to geriatrics
- Lactose intolerance
- Urethritis
- Atrophic gastritis
- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia infections
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Principles of transgender health care
- Prenatal care
- Syphilis
- Splenic injuries
- Vaccination
- Heat-related illnesses
- Diseases of the uvea
- Deep neck infections
- Impetigo
May 2024
Questions
- 114 new and 53 revised NEJM Knowledge+ questions
- 9 new and 3 revised Step 2 CK questions
- 4 new COMLEX questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Health care system
- Point-of-care ultrasound
- Dental disorders
- Torticollis
- Helminth infections
- Postpartum care
- Foreign body ingestion
- Supraventricular premature beats
- Anal cancer
- Graves disease
- Nevus
- Brucellosis
- Cytomegalovirus infection
- Typhoid and paratyphoid fever
- Occupational skin diseases
- Acute pancreatitis
- Diseases of the salivary glands
- Shoulder dislocation
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Giardiasis
- Kawasaki disease
- Obstructive sleep apnea
April 2024
Questions
- 3095 NEJM Knowledge+ Specialty Board Exams questions
- 2082 Internal Medicine (ABIM) questions
- 2031 Family Medicine (ABFM) questions
- 986 Pediatrics (ABP) questions
- 4 new and 2 revised Step 2 CK questions
- 3 new COMLEX Level 3 questions
Articles
March 2024
Questions
- 10 new Step 2 CK questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Orbital disorders
- Herpes simplex virus infections
- Cytomegalovirus infection
- Pediatric fractures
- Aneurysm
- Sexually transmitted infections
- Premature ventricular contractions
- Anxiety disorders
- Heart failure
- Gonorrhea
- Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
- Preventive medicine
- Acute asthma exacerbation
- Disorders of the visual pathway
- Granuloma inguinale
- Chancroid
- Genitourinary trauma
- Back pain
February 2024
January 2024
Questions
- 12 new Step 2 CK questions
- 58 new COMLEX-USA Level 1 and Level 2 CE questions
Articles
-
New articles
- Acute pain management
- Chronic noncancer pain management
- Principles of pain management
- Intraabdominal abscesses
- High-risk pregnancies
- Benign skin tumors
- Shoulder reduction
- Capacity, competence, and consent
- Medical professionalism and codes of conduct
- Ethics of communicating medical information
- Adult health maintenance
-
Revised articles
- Urinary retention
- Louse- and flea-borne diseases
- Zika virus infection
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Opioids
- Tuberculosis
- Tick-borne diseases
- Anorectal abscess and fistula
- Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Quality improvement
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Disorders of the glans penis and foreskin
- Lipid disorders
- Miscellaneous mosquito-borne diseases
- Giant cell arteritis
- Sexually transmitted infections
December 2023
Questions
- 2 new and 3 revised Step 2 CK questions
- 74 new COMLEX-USA Level 1 and Level 2 CE questions
Articles
November 2023
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
October 2023
Questions
Articles
September 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
August 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
July 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
June 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
May 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Patellar dislocation
- Osteomalacia and rickets
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Hypermagnesemia
- General principles of fractures
- Prostatitis
- Measles
- Mumps
- Rubella
- Diphtheria
- Hydrocephalus
- Hashimoto thyroiditis
- Photodermatoses
- Serotonin syndrome
- Pregnancy loss
- Acute otitis media
- Opioid overdose
- Penetrating trauma
- Anal fissures
April 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Sports injuries
- Major neurocognitive disorder
- Irritable bowel syndrome
- Child development and milestones
- Vaccination
- Knee ligament injuries
- Wilson disease
- Immunization schedule
- Hip fractures
- Ankle fractures
- Local anesthetic agents
- Local anesthesia
- Overview of stroke
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Atrial fibrillation
- Sarcoidosis
March 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
- Amyloidosis
- Sjogren syndrome
- Humerus fracture
- Distal radius fractures
- Lumbar puncture
- IgA vasculitis
- Prostatitis
- Nonthrombotic embolism
- Military medicine
- Fibromyalgia
- The newborn infant
- Myasthenia gravis
- Pain management
- Cardiac implantable electronic devices
- Preterm labor and birth
- Autoimmune hepatitis
- Hypoparathyroidism
- Chlamydial infections
- Hepatitis B
- Specialized nutrition support
February 2023
January 2023
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Conservative treatment of fractures
- Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
- Seizures and epilepsy
- Cyanotic congenital heart defects
- Environmental pathology
- Vulvovaginitis
- Esophageal varices
- Diabetes insipidus
- Asthma
- Preoperative management
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Compartment syndrome
- Systemic sclerosis
- Hypertension
December 2022
Questions
Articles
-
New articles
- Thoracentesis
- Pericardiocentesis
- Bacterial conjunctivitis
- Viral conjunctivitis
- Noninfectious conjunctivitis
- Arterial access
- Takayasu arteritis
- Polyarteritis nodosa
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- Microscopic polyangiitis
- Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
- Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
- Behcet disease
- Revised articles
November 2022
Questions
Articles
-
New articles
- Neonatal conjunctivitis
- Overview of common breast conditions
- Palpable breast mass
- Fibroadenoma
- Phyllodes tumor
- Intraductal papilloma
- Lobular carcinoma in situ
- Breast cysts
- Galactocele
- Fibrocystic breast changes
- Mastitis
- Breast abscess
- Mammary duct ectasia
- Fat necrosis of the breast
- Mastalgia
- Breast hypertrophy
- Superficial thrombophlebitis of the breast
- Infectious gastroenteritis in children
- Pneumonia in children
- Hyperphosphatemia
- Peripheral venous access
- Central venous access
- Intraosseous access
-
Revised articles
- Peptic ulcer disease
- ECG
- Transient ischemic attack
- Pulmonary function testing
- Local anesthetic agents
- Antepartum hemorrhage
- Uterine rupture
- Maternal complications of pregnancy
- Management of bradycardia
- Hip fractures
- Overview of common breast conditions
- Specialized nutrition support
- Syncope
- Anxiety disorders
- Infectious gastroenteritis
- Brain tumors
- Pheochromocytoma
- Colonic polyps
October 2022
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Epistaxis
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Esophageal perforation
- Acute abdomen
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- Rotavirus infection
- Hyperglycemic crises
- Systemic sclerosis
- Transplantation
- Mitral regurgitation
- Malaria
- Hemorrhoids
- Croup
- Shingles
- Psoriasis
- Ovarian cysts
- Radial head subluxation
- Deep neck infections
- Substance-related and addictive behaviors
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Irritable bowel syndrome
September 2022
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Urinary tract cancer
- Chickenpox
- Pulmonary embolism
- Parkinson disease
- Ascites
- Ischemic stroke
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Hyponatremia
- Uterine leiomyoma
- Dental disorders
- Coronary artery disease
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Respiratory failure and arrest
- Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee
- Alopecia
- Sickle cell disease
- Cirrhosis
August 2022
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Urinary tract obstruction
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Principles of medical law and ethics
- Monkeypox
- Dyspnea
- Myocardial infarction
- Hepatitis C
- Chronic kidney disease
- Sinusitis
- Interstitial lung diseases
- Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Hypothermia and frostbite
- Raynaud phenomenon
- Otitis externa
- Hypertensive crises
- Schizophrenia
- Urinary incontinence
- Hemochromatosis
- Major depressive disorder
- Sinus node dysfunction
- Peptic ulcer disease
July 2022
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Multiple myeloma
- Delirium
- Aortic regurgitation
- Airway management
- Hypertensive pregnancy diseases
- Maternal complications in pregnancy
- Bronchiolitis
- Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- Major neurocognitive disorder
- Alzheimer disease
- Norovirus
- Radial head subluxation
- Polyneuropathy
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Pneumonia
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Osteoporosis
- Myocarditis
June 2022
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Rhabdomyolysis and crush syndrome
- Intestinal ischemia
- Neoplastic meningitis
- Multiple sclerosis
- Polycythemia vera
- Renal replacement therapy
- Perinephric abscess
- Chronic venous disease
- Constipation
- Hypothermia and frostbite
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
- Cushing syndrome
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
- Cluster headache
- Anemia
- Tick-borne disease
- Hemorrhoids
- Colonic polyps
May 2022
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
April 2022
March 2022
February 2022
January 2022
December 2021
Questions
- 1 New Step 1 practice question
- 18 new Step 2 CK practice questions
- Revised 2 Step 1 and 2 Step 2 CK questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis
- Acute pancreatitis
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Neutropenic fever
- Jaundice and cholestasis
- Hypokalemia
- Hyperkalemia
- Trigeminal neuralgia
- Pain management
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Hypertension
- Choledocholithiasis
- Epiglottitis
- Acute otitis media
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Syncope
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
November 2021
Questions
Articles
October 2021
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
September 2021
Questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade
- Thoracic aortic aneurysm
- Hospital-acquired infections
- Testicular torsion
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- Cough
- Bipolar disorder
- Acute appendicitis
- Lipid disorders
- Acute cholecystitis
- Septic arthritis
- Acute cholangitis
- Deep vein thrombosis
- Infection prevention and control
- HIV-associated conditions
August 2021
Questions
- 66 new Step 2 CK practice questions
- Revised 1 Step 2CK Question
Articles
-
New articles
- Spinal infections
- Basic calcium phosphate crystal deposition diseases
- Transfusion reactions
- Noninfectious conjunctival conditions
- General parasitology
- Lung diseases caused by organic dust
- Respiratory failure
- Diseases caused by chlorinated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- Revised articles
July 2021
Questions
- 33 new step 2CK practice questions
- 5 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
June 2021
Questions
- 87 new step 2CK practice questions
- 9 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia
- Animation of immune response to viruses (General virology, AMBOSS animations)
May 2021
Questions
- 33 new step 2CK practice questions
- 29 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
-
Revised articles
- Glucocorticoids
- Ischemic stroke
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Atherosclerosis (specifically, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease)
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
- Obstructive sleep apnea
- Airway management
- Bowel obstruction
- Coronary artery disease
- Cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- Shock
- Quality and safety
Multimedia
- Animation of absent vestibuloocular reflex (Elevated ICP and brain herniation)
- Animation of upbeat torsional nystagmus towards the right (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Animation of upbeat torsional nystagmus towards the left (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Animation of downbeat torsional nystagmus towards the right (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Animation of downbeat torsional nystagmus towards the left (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Animation of upbeat nystagmus (Neurological examination)
- Animation of downbeat nystagmus (Neurological examination)
- Animation of pendular nystagmus (Neurological examination)
- Animation of right-sided abducens nerve palsy (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Animation of right-sided oculomotor nerve palsy (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Animation of right-sided trochlear nerve palsy (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Animation of internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Ocular motility disorders and strabismus)
- Animation on vertical gaze palsy (Rare neurological disorders)
- Animation of horizontal gaze palsy
- Animation on one and half syndrome
- Animation on dissociated nystagmus
- Animation on saccadic pursuit
- Animation on dysmetric voluntary saccades
April 2021
Questions
- 20 new step 2CK practice questions
- 13 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
-
New articles
- Hypercalcemia
- Toxic shock syndrome
- Plasmapheresis
- Transition to residency - Logistics of US health care and hospitals
- Transition to residency - Daily life of the intern
- Transition to residency - Communication during residency
- Transition to residency - Navigating stressful situations in residency
- Transition to residency - Life outside of the hospital
- Principles of transgender healthcare
- Fitness to fly and inflight medical events
- ABCDE approach
- Alcohol withdrawal
- Neurovasculature of the upper extremities
- Neurovasculature of the lower extremities
- Lichen sclerosus
- Revised articles
Multimedia
- Animation of normal vestibuloocular reflex (Vestibular neuritis)
- Animation of impaired vestibuloocular reflex (Vestibular neuritis)
- Animation of skew deviation (Vestibular neuritis)
- Animation of gaze-evoked nystagmus (Vestibular neuritis)
- Animation of spontaneous nystagmus (Vestibular neuritis)
March 2021
Questions
- 89 new step 2CK practice questions
- 21 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
February 2021
Questions
- 33 new step 2CK practice questions
- 7 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
- Atrioventricular block
- Spondylolisthesis
- Porphyrias
- Calcium channel blockers
- Renal artery stenosis
- Thyroid nodules
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Wound treatment
- Thalassemia
- Intravenous fluid therapy
- Ventricular tachycardia
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Differences (disorders) of sex development
- Neurological examination
- Abdominal cavity
- Muscle tissue
- Glycogen metabolism
- Bacteria overview
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Carbohydrates
- Forearm, wrist, and hand
Multimedia
- Animation of prokaryotic gene regulation: lac operon (Gene expression and transcription)
January 2021
Questions
- 25 new step 2CK practice questions
- 8 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Foreign body aspiration
- Acute bronchitis
- Delirium
- Vestibular neuritis
- Epidural hematoma
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
- Thyroid cancer
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Tuberculosis
- Environmental pathology
- Cardiovascular examination
- Insulin
- Giant cell arteritis
- Antifungals
- Adrenal gland
- Basics of human genetics
December 2020
Questions
- 55 new step 2CK practice questions
- 36 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
- The menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle abnormalities
- Giant cell arteritis
- Hyperkalemia
- Infective endocarditis
- Supraventricular tachycardia
- Gout and hyperuricemia
- Neural tube defects
- The placenta, umbilical cord and amniotic sac
- Ovarian tumors
- Rhinitis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Cyanotic congenital heart defects
- Lung cancer
- General endocrinology
- Traumatic brain injury
November 2020
Questions
- 25 new step 2CK practice questions
- 32 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
- Subdural hemorrhage
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
- Herpes simplex encephalitis
- Peptic ulcer disease
- Preventive medicine
- Puberty
- Cirrhosis
- Pregnancy
- Atrophic gastritis
- Skin and soft tissue infections
- Celiac disease
- Inguinal hernia
- Atrial fibrillation
- Acute tonsillitis and pharyngitis
- Kidneys
- Myocardial infarction
- Polycystic kidney disease
- Epidemiology
- Eye and orbit
- Shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus
Multimedia
- Fact sheet of HIV including mortality map (Human immunodeficiency virus)
- Fact sheet of HIV including incidence map (Human immunodeficiency virus)
- Illustration depicting mechanism of action of medications used in micturition problems (Urinary incontinence)
- Image depicting hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Image depicting subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic fever (Rheumatic fever)
- Radiograph depicting apple core sign (Colorectal cancer)
- Photomicrograph depicting babesia (Zoonotic diseases)
- Image depicting a scalp after vacuum extractor delivery (Childbirth)
- Photograph depicting ischemic ulcers (Peripheral arterial disease)
- Photograph depicting leonine facies in leprosy
October 2020
Questions
- 17 new step 2CK practice questions
- 51 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia
- Illustration depicting Oxygen dissociation curve for carbon monoxide poisoning (Carbon monoxide toxicity)
- Illustration depicting hemodialysis cannulation
- Illustration depicting femoral neck fracture mechanisms (Hip fractures)
- Illustration depicting vessels commonly used in coronary artery bypass grafting (Coronary artery bypass grafting)
- Illustration depicting coronary angiography of right coronary artery (Cardiac catheterization)
- Illustration depicting coronary angiography of left coronary artery (Cardiac catheterization)
- Illustration depicting overview of peripheral artery bypass surgery procedures (Peripheral arterial disease)
- Illustration depicting overview of somatic- and autonomic motor pathways and neurotransmitters (Autonomic nervous system)
- Illustration depicting innervation of the auricle (The ear)
September 2020
Questions
- 27 new step 2CK practice questions
- 40 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Photograph of scalp after vacuum extractor delivery (Childbirth)
- Fact sheet depicting tick-borne encephalitis (General virology)
- Symptom card depicting lyme disease (Lyme disease)
- Photograph of cirrhotic liver with HCC (Cirrhosis, Hepatocellular carcinoma)
- Photograph of nodule in bacillary angiomatosis (Collection of dermatological disorders)
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology for different types of gallstones (Cholelithiasis)
August 2020
Questions
- 33 new step 2CK practice questions
- 45 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- Revised articles
- Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
- Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
- Meniere disease
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Physiology of the kidney
- Gout and hyperuricemia
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Overview of antibiotic therapy
- DNA replication and repair
- Gestational trophoblastic disease
- Spinal cord tracts and reflexes
- Hemolytic anemia
- Meningitis
Multimedia added
- Photomicrograph of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites (Toxoplasmosis)
- Ultrasound of acute pyelonephritis (Pyelonephritis)
- Illustration depicting anterior view of innervation of the upper limb (Upper arm and elbow)(Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting one handed square knot middle finger throw (Surgery clerkship)
- Illustration depicting one handed square knot index finger throw (Surgery clerkship)
- Photograph depicting endoscopy of angiodysplasia (Gastrointestinal bleeding)
- Photomicrograph depicting hexagonal cystine crystals (Inborn errors of metabolism)
- Illustration depicting the PDSA cycle (Quality and safety)
- Photograph of gross specimen of complete molar pregnancy (Gestational trophoblastic disease)
- Photograph of Paget disease of the vulvar (Vulvar and vaginal cancer)
- Ultrasound of Varicocele (Scrotal abnormalities)
- Photograph of hands affected by alkaptonuria (Inborn errors of metabolism)
- Photomicrograh of lymphocytic infiltration of salivary gland (Sjogren syndrome)
- Photograph of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (Vulvar and vaginal cancer)
- Illustration depicting stress fractures of the metatarsals (Collection of orthopedic conditions)
- Illustration depicting etiology of portal hypertension (Portal hypertension)
- Illustration depicting pathophysiology of homocystinuria (Inborn errors of metabolism)
- Illustration depicting acute wound management (Wound treatment)
- Illustration depicting overview of cranial nerve functions (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Illustration depicting spermatocele (Testicular tumors)
- Illustration depicting varicocele (Scrotal abnormalities, Testicular tumors)
- Illustration depicting hydrocele (Scrotal abnormalities, Testicular tumors)
- Illustration depicting overview of embryogenesis and fetogenesis (Pregnancy)
- Illustration depicting congenital adrenal hyperplasia on steroid pathway and affecting drugs (Congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
- Photomicrograph of anaplasmosis (Lyme disease)
- Photograph of hand affected by amniotic band syndrome (Embryogenesis)
- Photograph of intradermal nevus (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph of junctional nevus (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph of herpes genitalis in female genitals (Herpes simplex virus infections)
- Photograph of patient with scleroderma (Systemic sclerosis)
- Photograph of microstomia in systemic sclerosis (Systemic sclerosis)
- Angiography image of aortic arch in Takayasu arteritis (Vasculitides)
- Symptom card depicting metabolic syndrome (Metabolic syndrome)
- Symptom card depicting DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) (Congenital immunodeficiency disorders)
- Illustration depicting water balance (Physiology of the kidney)
- Illustration depicting calcaneus (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting muscles of facial expression (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting muscles of the sole of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting Tanner stages (Puberty)
- Illustration depicting body mass and water composition by age and sex (Physiology of the kidney)
- Photomicrograph of rheumatoid nodule (Rheumatoid arthritis)
- Illustration depicting bradykinin-mediated angioedema (Angioedema)
- Illustration depicting venovenous ECMO (Acute respiratory distress syndrome)
- Photomicrograph of membranous nephropathy (Nephrotic syndrome)
- Illustration depicting cupulolithiasis and canalithiasis in BPPV (Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)
- Illustration depicting surgical cricothyrotomy with 'stab, twist, bougie, tube' technique (Airway management)
- Illustration depicting instruments and preparation for surgical cricothyrotomy with 'stab, twist, bougie, tube' technique (Airway management)
- Illustration depicting surgical cricothyrotomy with bougie aided technique (Airway management)
- Illustration depicting instruments and preparation for surgical cricothyrotomy with bougie aided technique (Airway management)
- Illustration depicting laryngeal tube airway insertion (Airway management)
July 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- X-ray showing anterior shoulder dislocation (Shoulder dislocation)
- Illustration depicting axonotmesis (Peripheral nerve injuries)
- Illustration depicting arterial blood supply of brain (Cerebrovascular system)
- Osmosis video on endometritis (Postpartum period)
- Illustration depicting involution of the uterus (Postpartum period)
- Illustration depicting anterior shoulder dislocation skeletal anatomy (Shoulder dislocation)
- Illustration depicting anterior shoulder dislocation surface anatomy (Shoulder dislocation)
- Illustration depicting elbow carrying angle (Upper arm and elbow)
- Illustration depicting fertilization (Pregnancy)
- Illustration depicting afferent and efferent vestibular pathways (The ear)
- Illustration depicting overview of viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B)
- Illustration depicting stoma complications (Bowel surgery)
- 2 illustrations depicting deep (intrinsic) muscles of the back (Back muscles)
- Illustration depicting symptoms of viral hemorrhagic fevers (Viral hemorrhagic fevers)
- Illustration depicting alcohol withdrawal symptoms timeline (Alcohol-related disorders)
- Illustration depicting aortic dissection (Aortic dissection)
- Osmosis video on cervical cancer (Cervical cancer)
- Osmosis video on endometrial cancer (Endometrial cancer)
- Osmosis video on endometriosis (Endometriosis)
- Osmosis video on Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea)
- Illustration depicting parasympathetic innervation to the head and neck (Autonomic nervous system)
- Illustration depicting lymph nodes of the head and neck (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Photograph of a Tsetse fly (African trypanosomiasis)
- Illustration depicting subendocardial and transmural myocardial infarction (Acute coronary syndrome)
- Electron microscopy showing Rabies virus (Rabies)
- Photomicrograph depicting Entamoeba histolytica cyst (Amebiasis)
- Illustration depicting comparison of PBC/PSC/Autoimmune hepatitis (Primary biliary cholangitis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Autoimmune hepatitis)
- Illustration depicting abdominoperineal resection (Colorectal cancer)
June 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Carbon monoxide toxicity
- Acute chest syndrome
- Clerkship guide
- Residency applications
- Medical history
- Surgery clerkship
- Neurology clerkship
- Obstetrics and gynecology clerkship
- Family medicine clerkship
- Psychiatry clerkship
- Pediatrics clerkship
- Internal medicine clerkship
- Medical history
- Mental status examination
- Physical examination
- Pediatrics: history and physical examination
- OB/GYN: history and physical examination
- Radiology topics
- AMBOSS fact sheets
- Revised articles
- Glaucoma
- Pulmonary embolism
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Meningitis
- Insulin
- Shingles
- Principles of dermatology
- COVID-19 (Versão em português)
Multimedia added
- Chalk talk episodes on Energy Metabolism - Part 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 (Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis)
- Chalk talk episodes on Energy Metabolism - Part 5, 6, 7 (Mitochondria)
- Chalk talk episode on Energy Metabolism - Part 7 (Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation)
- Chalk talk episodes on Energy Metabolism - Part 4, 5, 6 (Fatty acid metabolism)
- Chalk talk episodes on Energy Metabolism - Part 5, 8 (Mitochondrial myopathies, Disorders of fatty acid metabolism)
- Illustration depicting sigmoid colectomy in diverticulitis (Diverticular disease)
- Illustration depicting hip joint (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting low anterior resection (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting high anterior resection (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting sigmoid colectomy in colon cancer (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting extended left hemicolectomy (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting left hemicolectomy (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting extended right hemicolectomy (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting right hemicolectomy (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting surgical techniques in colorectal cancer (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting distal radius fracture reduction using finger trap (Distal radius fractures)
- Illustration depicting ascitic fluids (Ascites)
- Immunization schedule
- Photomicrograph depicting a neutrophilic granulocyte (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting an eosinophilic granulocyte (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting a basophilic granulocyte (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting a megakaryocyte (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting a lymphocyte (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting pulmonary macrophages (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting erythrocytes and thrombocytes (Basics of hematology)
- ECG of third-degree atrioventricular block
- Photomicrograph of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma (Ovarian tumors)
May 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting pathophysiology of splenomegaly (Splenomegaly)
- Photo of leukemia cutis (Acute leukemia)
- Symptom cards depicting achondroplasia and osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) (Short stature)
- Factsheet depicting myocardial infarction (Acute coronary syndrome)
- Illustration depicting antigenic shift and drift (Influenza)
- Microscopic image of immunofluorescence in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (Nephritic syndrome)
- X-ray showing staghorn calculi (Nephrolithiasis)
- Photomicrograph of testis in Klinefelter syndrome (Disorders of sex development)
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology of transudate versus exudate effusion (Pleural effusion)
April 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Lung auscultation video (pleural friction rub) in Pulmonary examination
- Lung auscultation video (muffled breath sounds) in Pulmonary examination
- Lung auscultation video (wheezes) in Pulmonary examination
- Lung auscultation video (rhonchi) in Pulmonary examination
- Lung auscultation video (stridor) in Pulmonary examination
- New flowchart on the management of neutropenic fever
- Illustration depicting Schober test (Ankylosing spondylitis)
- Illustration depicting child development milestones
- Illustration depicting the vestibular system (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the orientation of the semicircular canals (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the creatinine concentration curve (Diagnostic evaluation of the kidney and urinary tract)
- Illustration depicting the different etiologies of atelectasis
- Illustration depicting dashboard injury (Hip fractures)
- Illustration depicting the Coronavirus 3-D structure (COVID-19)
- Illustration depicting the Coronavirus structure (COVID-19)
- Illustration depicting the innervation of the female pelvis (Female reproductive organs)
- Photograph depicting toe gangrene (Thromboangiitis obliterans)
- Photomicrograph of follicular adenoma (Thyroid nodules)
- Photomicrograph depicting Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly (Myelodysplastic syndromes)
- Photomicrograph depicting Trichinella spiralis in striated muscle tissue (Helminth infections)
- Photomicrograph depicting Neutrophils (Basics of hematology)
- Photomicrograph depicting tram-track appearance in MPGN (Nephritic syndrome)
March 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Factsheet on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
- CT chest depicting pulmonary findings in COVID-19
- Illustration depicting hand hygiene with hand sanitizer (COVID-19)
- Graph depicting R0 in COVID-19
- Illustration depicting Sars-CoV-2 PPE - Putting on personal protection equipment (COVID-19)
- Illustration depicting Sars-CoV-2 PPE - Removing personal protection equipment(COVID-19)
- Illustration depicting techniques for nasopharyngeal swab (NP) and oropharyngeal swab (OP) for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
- Lung auscultation video (coarse crackles) in Pulmonary examination
- Lung auscultation video (fine crackles) in Pulmonary examination
- Lung auscultation video (physiological breathing) in Pulmonary examination
- Photograph depicting eye signs of leptospirosis (Leptospirosis)
- Photomicrograph of seminoma (Testicular tumors)
- Photograph of angle-closure glaucoma (Glaucoma)
- Photograph depicting endoscopy of herpes simplex esophagitis (Herpes simplex virus infections, Esophagitis)
- Photograph of renal oncocytoma (Renal cell carcinoma)
- X-ray showing vertebroplasty (Vertebral fractures)
- Photomicrograph of acute pyelonephritis (Pyelonephritis)
- Photomicrograph of Lines of Zahn (Pulmonary embolism)
- Photograph hemarthrosis of the knee (Hemophilia)
- Ultrasonography showing target sign (Intussusception)
- Photograph depicting Peyronie's disease (Priapism)
- Photograph of moon face (Cushing syndrome, Glucocorticoids)
- Photomicrograph of prominent rosettes in carcinoid syndrome (Carcinoid tumor)
- MRI of prepatellar bursitis (Collection of orthopedic conditions)
- Photomicrograph of choriocarcinoma (Gestational trophoblastic disease)
- Photomicrograph of Giardia lamblia (Giardiasis)
- MRI of globus pallidus lesions (Poisoning)
February 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Osmosis video on COVID-19 (General virology)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of inotropic drugs (Calcium channel blockers)
- Illustration depicting the vestibular pathway (The ear)
- Photo of Bitot spot (Vitamins)
- Endoscopic view of esophageal varices (Portal hypertension)
- Illustration depicting the vestibular pathway (The ear)
- Illustration depicting peritoneal dialysis (Renal replacement therapy)
- Illustration depicting tumor lysis syndrome (Acute leukemia)
- Illustration depicting spinal cord lesions (Incomplete spinal cord syndromes)
- Illustration depicting changes in liver metabolism due to excessive alcohol consumption (Liver)
- Illustration depicting the development of the chorionic villi (The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac)
- Illustration depicting the development of the notochord (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting craniocaudal folding of the embryo (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting fractures of the pelvis (Pelvic fracture)
- Illustration depicting the cervical sympathetic trunk (Autonomic nervous system)
- Illustration depicting the muscles and ligaments of the pelvis (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the ligaments of the pelvis (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the effects of NSAIDs and ACEIs on renal filtration (Nonopioid analgesics)
- Illustration depicting the structure of lipoproteins (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Illustration depicting the etiologies of acute kidney injury
- Illustration depicting Collins method for calculation of pneumothorax size (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the safe triangle (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of inotropic drugs (Calcium channel blockers)
- Illustration depicting an overview of antibody functions (Adaptive immune system)
- Illustration depicting uniparental disomy (Basics of human genetics)
- Illustration depicting chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis (Prenatal care)
- Illustration depicting the safe triangle (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the sites of chest tube placement (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the chest tube drainage (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the one-bottle chest drainage system (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the two-bottle chest drainage system (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting the three-bottle chest drainage system (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting drain placement (Pneumothorax)
- Image depicting metastatic calcification (Cellular changes and adaptive responses)
- CT esophageal varices (Portal hypertension)
- MRI depicting extramedullary hematopoiesis (Anemia)
- Photomicrograph of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma)
- Image depicting Scheuermann kyphosis (Scheuermann juvenile kyphosis)
- Image depicting Epiglottitis (Epiglottitis)
- Photomicrograph of a duodenal biopsy specimen in Whipple's disease (Celiac disease)
January 2020
Questions
Articles
- New articles
- Revised articles
- Overview of the head and neck region
- Cardiomyopathy
- Hypertension
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
- Intracerebral bleeding
- Major depressive disorder
- Acute kidney injury
- Cardiac physiology
- Overview of stroke
- Chest pain
- Antiemetics
- Neutropenic fever
- Esophageal perforation
- Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
- Short stature
- Acute abdomen
- Headache
- Hypoglycemia
Multimedia added
- Factsheet on atopy (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Illustration depicting the differentiation between Mallory-Weiss syndrome and Boerhaave syndrome (Esophageal perforation)
- Illustration depicting an overview of chemotherapeutic agents
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of chemotherapeutic agents
- Illustration depicting thyroid scintigraphy (Hyperthyroidism)
- Illustration depicting the etiology of acute coronary syndrome
- Illustration depicting the radiocapitellar line (Elbow dislocation)
- Illustration depicting the pattern of joint involvement and iridocyclitis in juvenile idiopathic rheumatoid arthritis
- Illustration depicting the placement of adhesive electrode pads for defibrillation or electrical cardioversion (Tachycardia)
- Illustration depicting the placement of paddles for defibrillation or electrical cardioversion (Tachycardia)
December 2019
Questions
Articles
- New articles published
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Factsheet on polymyositis and dermatomyositis (Inflammatory myopathies)
- Factsheet on tuberculosis
- Factsheet on systemic lupus erythematosus
- Factsheet on tension headache
- Factsheet on systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- Factsheet on rheumatoid arthritis
- Factsheet on chronic sarcoidosis
- Factsheet on hypothyroidism
- Factsheet on hypertensive crises (Hypertensive crises)
- Factsheet on hypertension
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of anticonvulsant drugs
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology of intestinal malrotation (Volvulus and intestinal malrotation)
- Illustration depicting fat metabolism (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of drugs used in heart failure (congestive heart failure)
- Illustration depicting the procoagulant-anticoagulant balance (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology of hemochromatosis
- Illustration depicting an overview of peripheral neuropathy (Polyneuropathy)
- Illustration depicting the lumbricals and interossei (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the attachments of menisci and cruciate ligaments of the knee (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the zones of arterial supply of the menisci of the knee (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the nasal septum (Noses and sinuses)
- Illustration depicting the neuromusculature of the hard and soft palate (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Illustration depicting the cervical plexus (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the neurovasculature of the head and neck (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the face and neck (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the development of the yolk sac and amniotic cavity (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting the derivatives of the ectoderm (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting day 12 of embryogenesis: formation of the extraembryonic mesoderm (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting craniocaudal and lateral folding (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting the development of the umbilical cord (The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac)
- Illustration depicting the early stages of pregnancy - week 1 (Pregnancy)
- Illustration depicting the overview of the 1st week of pregnancy and embryogenesis (Pregnancy)
- Illustration depicting the main indications for coronary artery bypass grafting
- Illustration depicting arterial and venous grafts used in coronary artery bypass grafting
November 2019
Questions
- 75 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting the etiopathogenesis if celiac disease
- Illustration depicting aqueous humor production (Eye and orbit)
- Illustration depicting the deep tendon reflexes (Neurological examination)
- Chalk talk episodes on Arthritis&Osteoarthritis (part 1–4) in rheumatoid arthritis
- Videos depicting occiput anterior/posterior positions (Mechanics of childbirth)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of oral antidiabetic drugs
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of osteoporosis medication (osteoporosis)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of glaucoma medication (Glaucoma)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of asthma medication (asthma)
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology of asthma
- Illustration depicting the etiopathogenesis of Hirschsprung disease
- Illustration depicting the regulation of gastric acid secretion (Stomach)
- Illustration depicting the electromechanical coupling in cardiac muscle (Muscle tissue)
- Illustration depicting the embryogenesis of the spinal cord, vertebral column, and the intervertebral disc (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting the muscle compartments of the thigh (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the types of volvulus (Volvulus and intestinal malrotation)
- Illustration depicting the regulation of iron metabolism (anemia)
- Photomicrographs of minimal change disease (Nephrotic syndrome)
- Electron micrograph of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (Nephrotic syndrome)
October 2019
Questions
- 5 new step 1 practice questions
- 3 new step 2CK practice questions
- 62 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- Anxiety disorders
- Hypothyroidism
- Fibromyalgia
- Large intestine
- Sexuality and sexual medicine
- Lynch syndrome
- Narcolepsy
- Ovarian cysts
- Sedative-hypnotic drugs
- Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting an overview of the 2nd week of embryogenesis
- Illustration depicting the development of the face and palate (Cleft lip and cleft palate)
- Illustration depicting day 8 of embryogenesis: formation of the amniotic cavity (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting day 9 of embryogenesis: formation of the yolk sac (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting day 13 of embryogenesis: formation of the chorionic cavity (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting Boxer fracture (Distal radius fractures)
- Illustration depicting reverse Barton fracture (Distal radius fractures)
- Illustration depicting Barton fracture (Distal radius fractures)
- Illustration depicting chauffeur fracture (Distal radius fractures)
- Illustration depicting the overview of major metabolic pathways (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Illustration depicting secondary hemostasis (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting the disorders of secondary hemostasis (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of antimycobacterial drugs (Overview of antibiotic therapy)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of anticoagulants that prevent secondary hemostasis (Oral anticoagulants)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of thrombolytics (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting cholesteatoma
- Illustration depicting the regulation of erythropoiesis (Basics of hematology; Kidneys)
- Illustration depicting the nasal meatuses and recesses (Nose and sinuses)
- Illustration depicting the neurovasculature of the inner ear (The ear)
- Audiogram of conductive hearing loss
- Audiogram of otosclerosis
- Illustration depicting spermatogenesis (Male reproductive organs)
- Illustration depicting the etiopathophysiology of open-angle glaucoma
- Illustration depicting the actions of the extensor compartment of the leg (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis
- Factsheet on hyperthyroidism
- Factsheet on psoriatic arthritis (Psoriasis)
- Illustration depicting types of endocytosis (The cell)
- Illustration depicting receptor-mediated endocytosis (The cell)
- Two illustrations depicting trochlear nerve palsy (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action: Potassium-sparing diuretics
- Illustration depicting the Adenoma-carcinoma sequence (Colorectal cancer)
- Several new illustrations depicting the hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axes and their regulation (General endocrinology)
- Illustration depicting pathophysiology of asthma
- Illustration depicting renal tubular physiology (Physiology of the kidney)
- Illustration depicting the muscles of the extensor compartment of the leg (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the joint lines of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the superficial and deep muscles of the gluteal region (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of respiratory chain inhibitors (Mitochondrial respiratory chain)
- Illustration depicting cystic fibrosis pathophysiology (Cystic fibrosis)
- Illustration depicting cystic fibrosis sweat test (Cystic fibrosis)
- Illustration depicting endodermal development (Embryogenesis)
- Illustration depicting the stages of sleep in adults (Sleep and sleep disorders)
- Illustration depicting an overview of hypothalamic-pituitary-target organ axes (General endocrinology)
- Illustration depicting drugs acting on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (General endocrinology)
- Illustration depicting negative feedback (inhibition) of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis (General endocrinology)
- Illustration depicting the functional anatomy of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (General endocrinology)
- Illustration depicting regulation of thyroid hormone synthesis (General endocrinology)
- Illustration depicting mechanism of action of drugs used in Parkinson disease (Medication for Parkinson disease)
- Illustration depicting mechanism of action of immunosuppressants
- Illustration depicting mechanism of action of nitrates and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
- Illustration depicting internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Ocular motility disorders and strabismus)
- Illustration depicting Horner syndrome
- Photomicrograph of Pappenheimer bodies (Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin)
September 2019
Questions
- 12 new step 1 practice questions
- 5 new step 2CK practice questions
- 34 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles published
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting absorption and metabolism of dietary lipids (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Illustration depicting the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis)
- Illustration depicting clavicle fracture
- Illustration depicting the structure of a sperm (Male reproductive organs)
- Illustration depicting proximal and distal row of carpal bones (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting blood type O+ packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type O- packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type A+ packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type A- packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type B+ packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type B- packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type AB+ packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type AB- packed cell transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type AB plasma transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type A plasma transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type B plasma transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting blood type O plasma transfusion compatibility (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting lifecylce of Plasmodium falciparum (Malaria)
- Illustration depicting targets of antimalarial drugs (Malaria)
- Illustration depicting fact sheet of Sjogren syndrome
- Illustration depicting mechanism of action of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (Skeletal muscle relaxants)
- Illustration depicting mechanism of action of depolarizing muscle relaxants (Skeletal muscle relaxants)
- Illustration depicting reducible, irreducible, and strangulated hernia (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting coronary arterial dominance (Heart)
- Illustration depicting fluid in the left costodiaphragmatic recess (Management of trauma patients)
- Illustration (update) of macule (Principles of dermatology)
- Illustration depicting cervical lymph node levels (Lymphatic system)
August 2019
Questions
- 2 new step 1 practice questions
- 10 new step 2CK practice questions
- 16 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- Revised articles
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting Stages of change model in overcoming addiction (Counseling patients)
- Illustration depicting drugs affecting primary hemostasis (Antiplatelet agents)
- Illustration depicting congenital disorders affecting primary hemostasis (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of gout drugs (Gout and hyperuricemia)
- Illustration depicting internuclear ophthalmoplegia (Ocular motility disorders and strabismus)
- Illustration depicting coronary blood supply (Heart)
- Illustration depicting injury of anterior & posterior urethra (Genitourinary trauma)
- Illustration depicting Edward syndrome
- Illustration depicting Down syndrome
- Illustration depicting Klinefelter syndrome (Disorders of sex development)
- Illustration depicting Turner syndrome (Disorders of sex development)
- Illustration depicting Marfan syndrome (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome)
- Illustration depicting Leukocyte extravasation (Fever and inflammation)
- Illustration depicting respiratory (oxidative) burst (Innate immune system)
- Illustration depicting gastroprotective therapy (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting airway resistance and total airway diameter as functions of airway generations (Respiratory physiology)
- Illustration depicting energy metabolism in a muscle cell (Muscle tissue)
- Illustration depicting zero- and first-order elimination (Fundamentals of pharmacology)
- Illustration depicting renal tubular defects
- Illustration depicting amino acid derivatives (Amino acids)
- Illustration depicting horseshoe kidney (Congenital anomalies of the kidney)
- Illustration depicting myasthenia gravis
- lllustration depicting systemic sclerosis (fact sheet)
- llustration depicting polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis (fact sheet)
- Illustration depicting fibromyalgia (fact sheet)
- Illustration depicting ankylosing spondylitis (fact sheet)
- Illustration depicting vitamin B12 deficiency (fact sheet)
- Illustration depicting antiphospholipid syndrome (fact sheet)
- Illustrations depicting femoral canal and femoral triangle + adductor canal (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting various forms of brain herniation (Elevated intracranial pressure and brain herniation)
- Illustration depicting comparison of action of norepinephrine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol (Sympathomimetic drugs)
- Several new illustrations in Forearm, wrist, and hand
- Renewed illustration in Scaphoid fracture
- Heart sound videos (Cardiovascular examination)
July 2019
Questions
- 4 new step 1 practice question
- 6 new step 2CK practice questions
- 8 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles published
- Revised articles
- Collection of dermatological disorders
- Constipation
- Lipids and fat metabolism
- Upper arm and elbow
- Hydrocephalus
Multimedia added
- Multiple illustrations and examination video links to the osteopathic articles:
- Illustration depicting multiple angles of claw hand deformity (Ulnar nerve entrapment)
- Illustration depicting sorbitol pathway (Carbohydrates)
- X-ray showing rotator cuff tear (Soft tissue lesions of the shoulder)
- MRI showing rotator cuff tear (Soft tissue lesions of the shoulder)
Flowcharts added
- “Treatment of Parkinsons disease” added to the treatment section of Parkinson disease
- “Foreign body aspiration diagnostics & management” added to the diagnostics and treatment sections of Foreign body aspiration
June 2019
Questions
- 13 new step 1 practice questions
- 22 new step 2CK practice questions
- 24 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles published:
- Revised articles
- Bowel obstruction
- IgA nephropathy
- Antiviral agents
- Ulcerative colitis
- Vitamins
- Acute coronary syndrome
- Antidepressants (new table: Differential diagnosis of drug-induced hyperthermia)
- Vertebral column
- Airways and lungs
- Pleural effusion
- Congenital immunodeficiency disorders
- Adaptive immune system
- Eating disorder
- Abdominal hernias
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting targets and mechanism of action of different classes of antibiotics (Overview of antibiotic therapy)
- Illustration depicting cell walls of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Bacteria overview)
- Illustration depicting classification of gram-negative bacteria (Bacteria overview)
- Illustration depicting classification of gram-positive bacteria (Bacteria overview)
May 2019
Questions
- 9 new step 1 practice questions
- 65 new step 2CK practice questions
- 15 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles published:
- Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
- Lymphadenopathy
- Blood vessels
- Hip and pelvic osteopathy
- Chapman reflex points (osteopathy)
- Revised articles:
- Biliary cancer
- Development of the reproductive system
- Antidepressants
- The leg, ankle, and foot
- Lice infestation
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Asthma
- Benign breast conditions
- Anemia
- Male reproductive organs
- Acute limb ischemia
- Heart
- Acute leukemia
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Aging changes
- Giant cell arteritis
- Acute tonsillitis
Multimedia added
- X-ray showing Looser zones (Osteomalacia and rickets)
- Illustration depicting mechanisms of actions of antidepressants
- Updated illustration depicting sexual differentiation (Development of the reproductive system)
- Illustration depicting neoplastic progression (General oncology)
- Photograph showing male pattern hair loss (androgenetic alopecia) (Aging changes)
- Illustration depicting presbyopia (Aging changes)
- MRI spine showing acute and chronic vertebral fractures (Aging changes)
- Illustration depicting compression fractures of the vertebra (Aging changes)
- Smartzoom photomicrograph of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Acute leukemia)
- Smartzoom photomicrograph of acute myeloblastic leukemia (Acute leukemia)
- Illustration depicting ketone metabolism (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Illustration depicting CD8-mediated type IV hypersensitivity reaction (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Illustration depicting CD4-mediated type IV hypersensitivity reaction (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Illustration depicting type III hypersensitivity reaction (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Illustration depicting type II hypersensitivity reaction (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Illustration depicting type I hypersensitivity reaction (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Illustration depicting the zones of the prostate gland (Male reproductive organs)
- Illustration depicting the various gastroproctective therapies (Proton pump inhibitors)
- Illustration depicting the important cytokines involved in hematopoiesis (Basics of hematology)
- Illustration depicting the actions of bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins (General bacteriology)
- Illustration depicting the cardinal symptoms of an acute myocardial infarction (Acute coronary syndrome)
- Illustration depicting the pathophysiology of pulmonary embolism
- Illustration depicting the clinical features of pulmonary embolism
- Illustration depicting the differential diagnoses of primary headaches (Headache)
- Illustration depicting cluster headache
- Illustration depicting migraine
- Illustration depicting fetal hematopoiesis (Prenatal and postnatal physiology)
- Illustration depicting the overview of renal tubular transport mechanisms (Physiology of the kidney)
- Illustration depicting the Mechanoelectrical transduction of sound waves by inner hair cells (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the Mechanoelectrical transduction of sound waves by hair cells (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the auditory pathways (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the complement system (Innate immune system)
- Illustration depicting the synthesis of heme (Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin)
- Illustration depicting the types of ocular hyperemia (red eye) (Conjunctivitis)
- Animation videos (Hypersensitivity reactions)
April 2019
Questions
- 9 new step 1 practice questions
- 4 new step 2CK practice questions
- 11 revised step 1 and step 2CK practice questions
Articles
- New articles published:
- Revised articles:
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting the left costodiaphragmatic recess (Thoracic cavity)
- Illustration depicting the right costodiaphragmatic recess (Thoracic cavity)
- Illustration depicting the seashore sign on lung ultrasound (Management of trauma patients)
- Ultrasonography showing B-lines (Pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting B-lines on lung ultrasound (Management of trauma patients)
- Illustration depicting A-lines on lung ultrasound (Management of trauma patients)
- Illustration depicting the splenorenal pouch (Koller pouch) (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting free fluid in the rectouterine pouch of Douglas (transverse section) (Management of trauma patients)
- Illustration depicting free fluid in the rectouterine pouch of Douglas (sagittal section) (Management of trauma patients)
- Illustration depicting the rectouterine pouch of Douglas (transverse section) (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the rectouterine pouch of Douglas (sagittal section) (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting fluid in the costodiaphragmatic recess (Thoracic cavity)
- Illustration depicting the ligaments and retinacula of the patella (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting complications of colonic diverticula (Diverticular disease)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the nasal septum (Nose and sinuses, Epistaxis)
- Illustration depicting the sensory innervation of the nasal cavity and the palate (Nose and sinuses)
- Illustration depicting the major salivary glands (Diseases of the salivary glands)
- Illustration depicting the regions of proximal femur (Hip fractures)
- Illustration depicting free fluid in the hepatorenal space (Management of trauma patients)
- Illustration depicting the hepatorenal space (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting the Coombs test (Hemolytic anemia)
- Illustration depicting hemoglobin electrophoresis (Laboratory methods)
- Illustration depicting the hypothalamic-pituitray-gonadal axis (Male reproductive organs)
- Illustration depicting the veins of the neck (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the jugular veins (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the cerebral cortex (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting the muscles of the pharynx (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Illustration depicting the venous drainage of the brain (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting the paranasal sinuses (Nose and sinuses)
- Illustration depicting the muscles of the palate and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Illustration depicting portocaval anastomoses (Portal hypertension)
- Illustration depicting a pulmonary embolism from a deep vein thrombosis
- Illustration depicting the layers of the heart
- Thoracic MRI (sagittal section) depicting myocarditis
- Thoracic MRI (axial section) depicting myocarditis
- Illustration depicting myocarditis
- Illustration depicting the autonomic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract
- Illustration depicting the umbilical folds (Prenatal and postnatal physiology)
- Illustration depicting the distal radioulnar joint (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the proximal radioulnar joint (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Photograph showing erythroderma (Psoriasis)
- Illustration depicting gene recombination (= V(D)J recombination) in adaptive immune system
- Illustration depicting the baroreceptor and chemoreceptor pathway (Cardiovascular physiology)
- 2 Illustrations depicting jugular venous pulse waveforms in common cardiac conditions (Cardiovascular examination)
- 2 Illustrations depicting the jugular venous pulse waveform (Cardiovascular examination)
- X-ray showing genu varum (Collection of orthopedic conditions)
- Photograph showing genu valgum (Collection of orthopedic conditions)
- Illustration depicting genu varum and genu valgum (Collection of orthopedic conditions)
- Illustration depicting the coagulation cascade (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting the coagulation cascade (secondary hemostasis) (Hemostasis and bleeding disorders)
- Illustration depicting anatomical planes and axes (General anatomy)
- Illustration depicting the veins of the upper extremity (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the dorsal extensor aponeurosis and attachments of hand muscles (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the sections of the pharynx (Pharyngeal cancer)
- Illustration depicting female reproductive organs
- Illustration depicting saddle anesthesia (Degenerative disc disease)
- Illustration depicting apoptosis vs. necrosis (Cellular changes and adaptive responses)
- Illustration depicting apoptosis (Cellular changes and adaptive responses)
- Illustration depicting the layers of the pelvic floor (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting supination and pronation (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting acute pericarditis
- Illustration depicting the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting testicular torsion and manual detorsion
- 2 photographs showing neovascularization of the iris (Diseases of the uvea)
- Illustration depicting neovascularization of the iris (Diseases of the uvea)
- Illustration depicting the pelvic fascia (female) (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the pelvic fascia (male) (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the muscular compartments of the forearm (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the superficial extensors of the forearm (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the deep extensors of the forearm (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the hypothenar muscles (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the forearm pronators and supinators (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting Parkinson disease fact sheet
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the lateral nasal wall (Nose and sinuses)
- Illustration depicting the anatomical snuff box (Scaphoid fracture)
- Illustration depicting the classification of aortic dissection
- Illustration depicting the gastric lymph nodes (Stomach)
- Illustration depicting the scalene triangle (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the deep muscles of the neck (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the sternocleidomastoid muscle and lesser supraventricular fossa (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the sternocleidomastoid muscle (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the coverings of the brain (The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Illustration depicting the umbilical folds (Prenatal and postnatal physiology)
- Illustration depicting the ulnar nerve (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the median nerve (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the radial nerve (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the subclavian artery and its branches (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration depicting the arteries of the upper extremity (Forearm, wrist, and hand, Arm and elbow)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the cerebral cortex, axial section (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the cerebral cortex, sagittal section (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the cerebral cortex (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of peristalsis (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting mediastinal flutter (pneumothorax)
- Illustration depicting tension pneumothorax
- Illustration depicting the etiological classification of pneumothorax
- Illustration depicting open and closed pneumothorax
- Illustration depicting the types of pneumothorax
- Illustration depicting the superficial flexors of the forearm (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the deep flexors of the forearm (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the blood supply of the scaphoid (Scaphoid fracture)
- Illustration depicting muscles of mastication (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Illustration depicting the intrinsic muscles of the 5th toe (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the circuitry of the cerebellum
- Photograph showing thenar muscle atrophy (Median nerve neuropathy)
- Illustration depicting carpal tunnel syndrome
- Illustration depicting the thenar muscles (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting HIV replication and mechanism of action of antiretroviral drugs (Human immunodeficiency virus)
- Photomicrograph showing a psammoma body and meningiocytic whorl (Meningioma)
- Photograph showing a meningioma with psammoma bodies (Meningioma)
- 2 photomicrographs showing a meningioma
- Smart zoom image showing an aortic dissection
- Photomicrograph showing an aortic dissection
- Illustration depicting Congenital malformations of the anterior abdominal wall (Congenital visceral malformations)
- Photomicrograph showing Amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease
- CT scan of the chest showing a nonocclusive pulmonary embolism
- CT scan of the chest showing an occlusive pulmonary embolism
- Photograph showing dilated cardiomyopathy
- Pelvic x-ray showing a bladder calculus (Nephrolithiasis)
- Illustration depicting the Saphenofemoral junction (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the veins of the leg (dorsal aspect) (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the veins of the leg (ventral aspect) (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration showing the tendons and chiasms of the deep flexors of the leg (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration showing the actions of the deep flexor muscles of the leg (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration showing the deep flexor group of muscles of the leg (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration showing the tendons of the main extensor muscles of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Photograph showing the bones of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Smart zoom image depicting the anatomical structures of the dorsum of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the muscles of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the anterior (extensor) retinacula of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the tarsal tunnel (malleolar canal) with flexor retinaculum of foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the plantar aponeurosis and the medial longitudinal arch of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Photomicrograph showing Red blood cell (RBC) casts in urine sediment (Diagnostic evaluation of the kidney and urinary tract)
- Illustration depicting the parts of the aorta and its branches (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Photomicrograph showing a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon (Colorectal cancer)
- Photomicrograph showing a well-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma (Colorectal cancer)
- Smart zoom photomicrograph showing colorectal adenocarcinoma (pT3) (Colorectal cancer)
- Smart zoom photomicrograph showing colorectal adenocarcinoma (pT2) (Colorectal cancer)
- Smart zoom photomicrograph showing colorectal adenocarcinoma (pT1) (Colorectal cancer)
- Illustration depicting the osteofascial compartments of the leg (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Two photomicrographs showing papillary renal cell carcinoma
- Intra-operative photograph showing the uterus and associated structures (Female reproductive organs)
- Illustration depicting wrist drop (Radial neuropathies)
- Illustration depicting the clinical features of radial nerve neuropathy (Radial neuropathies)
- Illustration depicting the clinical features of ulnar nerve neuropathy (Ulnar nerve entrapment)
- Illustration depicting the clinical features of chronic ulnar nerve neuropathy (Ulnar nerve entrapment)
- Illustration depicting the pinch sign (median nerve neuropathy)
- Illustration depicting the hand of benediction (median nerve neuropathy)
- Illustration depicting the clinical features of median nerve neuropathy
March 2019
Questions
Articles
- Revised articles:
Multimedia added
- Photomicrograph of a well-differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma (Colorectal cancer)
- Photograph showing hypospadias (Bladder exstrophy, abnormalities of the male urethra, and webbed penis)
- Illustration depicting direct and indirect inguinal hernias
- Illustration depicting ventricular septation (Heart)
- Illustration depicting atrial septation (Heart)
- Scheme depicting the citric acid cycle
- Illustration depicting lipogenesis within an adipocyte (Adipose tissue)
- Illustration depicting the histological layers of the neocortex (The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Illustration depicting the circle of Willis (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting the arterial supply of the brain (Cerebrovascular system)
- Illustration depicting indirect and direct inguinal hernias (Inguinal hernia)
- Illustration depicting the borders of the inguinal canal and contents of the spermatic cord (Inguinal hernia)
- Illustration depicting the lumbar plexus (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the sacral plexus (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the saphenofemoral junction (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the Obturator canal and pudendal canal (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the contents of the muscular lacuna and vascular lacuna (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the boundaries of the muscular lacuna and vascular lacuna (Pelvis and hip joint)
- Illustration depicting the ligaments of the ankle and foot (lateral view) (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting the ligaments of the ankle and foot (medial view) (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Illustration depicting ulnar nerve neuropathy (Ulnar nerve entrapment)
- Illustration depicting the ulnar nerve (Forearm, wrist, and hand)
- Illustration depicting the musculocutaneous nerve (Arm and elbow)
- Illustration depicting congenital diaphragmatic hernias
- Illustration depicting hallux valgus and hallux varus (Toe deformities)
- Illustration depicting retractile testis (Scrotal abnormalities)
- Illustration depicting ectopic testis (Scrotal abnormalities)
- Illustration depicting cryptorchidism (Scrotal abnormalities)
- Illustration depicting the innervation areas of the peripheral nerves (leg, ventral view) (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the innervation areas of the peripheral nerves (leg, dorsal view) (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the scalene triangle (Thoracic outlet syndrome)
- Illustration depicting the median nerve (Median nerve neuropathy)
- Illustration depicting median nerve neuropathy
- Illustration depicting the brachial plexus (Shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus)
- Illustration depicting lumbar hernias (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting pelvic hernias (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting sciatic hernias (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting an epigastric hernia (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting an obturator hernia (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting a Spigelian hernia (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting an umbilical hernia (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting diastasis recti (Abdominal hernias)
- Illustration depicting components of an abdominal or inguinal hernia
- Illustration depicting sites of ectopic pregnancy
- Illustration depicting infective endocarditis
- ERCP showing an intrahepatic biliary stone (Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)
- Ultrasonographic image showing acute cholecystitis (Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)
- Ultrasonographic image showing acute cholecystitis and sludge (Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)
- Ultrasonographic image showing cholecystitis and cholelithiasis (Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)
- Fundoscopic image showing exudative age-related macular degeneration
- Abdominal CT scan showing polycystic kidney disease
- Photomicrograph showing Hashimoto thyroiditis
- Photograph showing erythema marginatum (Rheumatic fever)
- Illustration depicting the layers of the skin (Skin and skin appendages)
- Illustration depicting a subarachnoid hemorrhage (Stroke)
- Cranial CT scan showing Berry sneurysms (Stroke)
- Cranial CT scan (3D reconstruction) showing a cerebral aneurysm (Stroke)
- Illustration depicting basal ganglia hemorrhage (Stroke)
- Photograph and an ultrasonographic image showing Ebstein anomaly (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Scheme depicting an overview of hematologic neoplasms (Basics of hematology)
- Photograph showing basal cell carcinoma
- Cranial MRI showing central pontine myelinolysis (Sodium disorders)
- Illustration depicting partial gastrectomy or Billroth II procedure (Peptic ulcer disease)
- Illustration depicting partial gastrectomy or Billroth I procedure (Peptic ulcer disease)
- Illustration depicting pancreaticoduodenectomy or Whipple procedure (Pancreatic and hepatic surgery)
- Photomicrograph showing plasma cells (Basics of hematology)
- 2 Photographs showing keloid scars (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph showing Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Cranial CT scan showing chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Sinusitis)
- Cranial CT scan showing deviated nasal septum and concha bullosa (Miscellaneous ear, nose, and throat disorders)
- Cranial CT (coronal section) showing a deviated nasal septum (Miscellaneous ear, nose, and throat disorders)
- Cranial CT (axial section) showing a deviated nasal septum (Miscellaneous ear, nose, and throat disorders)
- Photograph showing Achilles tendon rupture
- Photomicrograph showing the microscopic anatomy of the heart
- Photograph of a stoma bag (Bowel surgery)
- Photomicrograph of Negri bodies in a neuron (Rabies)
- Intra-operative photogaph showing small bowel ischemia (Bowel obstruction)
- Cranial CT scan showing congenital toxoplasmosis (Congenital TORCH infections)
- Radionuclide bone scan of Paget disease of bone
- Photomicrograph showing the layers of the retina (eye and orbit)
- Photograph showing eruptive xanthomas (Lipid disorders)
- Photograph showing atherosclerosis of the aorta
- Photograph showing an incisional hernia (Abdominal hernias)
- Photograph showing xanthelasma (Primary biliary cholangitis)
- Photomicrograph showing reactive lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis
- Scheme depicting the Rh blood group system (Transfusion)
- Scheme depicting the ABO blood group system (Transfusion)
- Illustration depicting the arteries of the lower extremity (Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Photomicrograph showing the pleomorphic adenoma (Diseases of the salivary glands)
- Photomicrograph showing ganglion cells with Negri bodies (Rabies)
- Photograph showing adult Ascaris lumbricoides (General parasitology)
- Illustration depicting regular astigmatism (Eye and orbit)
- Scheme depicting the pupillary light reflex (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Illustration depicting the embryological development of the pancreas
- Illustration depicting the structure and biosynthesis of insulin (Pancreas)
- Photomicrograph showing the pancreatic acini and islets of Langerhans (Pancreas)
- Photomicrograph showing the parenchyma of the pancreas (Pancreas)
- Scheme depicting the methionine cycle (Inborn errors of metabolism)
- Scheme depicting the mechanism of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion (Pancreas)
- Photomicrograph of renal angiomyolipoma (Renal cell carcinoma)
- CT scan showing porcelain gall bladder (Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)
- Illustration depicting cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and biliary pancreatitis (Cholelithiasis, choledocholithiasis, cholecystitis, and cholangitis)
- Endoscopic image of esophageal varices (Cirrhosis)
February 2019
Questions
Articles
- New articles published:
- Scheuermann juvenile kyphosis
- Quality and safety
- Revised articles:
Multimedia added
- Illustration depicting plicae circulares (Small intestine)
- Illustration depicting the parts of the small intestine
- Illustration depicting gastric acid secretion (Stomach)
- Scheme illustrating the phases of gastric acid secretion (Stomach)
- Smartzoom of goblet cells in the small intestine
- Smartzoom of Paneth cells (Small intestine)
- Smartzoom of jejunum (Small intestine)
- Photomicrograph of jejunum (Small intestine)
- Photomicrograph of Peyer patches (Small intestine)
- Photomicrograph of intestinal villi (Small intestine)
- Photomicrograph of Brunner glands (Small intestine)
- Endoscopic image of Plicae circulares (Small intestine)
- X-ray showing Schmorl nodes in Scheuermann disease (Scheuermann juvenile kyphosis)
- X-ray showing lumbar Schuermann disease (Scheuermann juvenile kyphosis)
- X-ray showing Scheuermann disease (Scheuermann juvenile kyphosis)
- Illustration depicting the insulin secretion pathway (Pancreas)
- Illustration depicting the coronary veins (Heart)
- Photomicrograph of a sensory ganglion (The somatosensory system)
- Illustration showing the incidence of cancers in the U.S. (multiple articles, e.g., gastric cancer)
January 2019
Questions
Multimedia added
- Intraoperative photograph showing sarcoma botryoides (vulvar and vaginal cancer)
- Photomicrograph showing sarcoma botryoides (vulvar and vaginal cancer)
- Photomicrograph showing colonic mucosa (Large intestine)
- Photomicrograph showing the layers of the colonic wall (Large intestine)
- Photomicrograph showing toxic granulation (Fever and inflammation)
- Illustration showing the Papez circuit (Diencephalon and brainstem)
- Photograph showing extrapulmonary manifestations of sarcoidosis
- Photograph showing a malignant melanoma lesion
- Photograph showing staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome affecting the face
- Photograph showing staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome affecting the axilla
- Two photographs showing features of post-thrombotic syndrome (chronic venous disease)
- Photograph showing urticaria (hypersensitivity reactions)
- Photograph showing herpangina (acute tonsillitis)
- Photograph depicting oral leukoplakia (precancerous skin lesions)
- Photograph showing erythema nodosum
- Cranial MRI showing hydrocephalus ex vacuo (hydrocephalus)
- Electron microscopy showing the brush border of an enterocyte (gastrointestinal tract)
- 3 CT scans of the abdomen showing splenic laceration (blunt trauma; splenic rupture)
- Photomicrograph of an atheroma (atherosclerosis)
- 2 Skull x-rays depicting extramedullary hematopoiesis (anemia)
- Cranial CT scan showing cerebral venous thrombosis of the sagittal sinus
- Chest CT showing pulmonary metastases (lung cancer)
- Chest x-ray showing small cell lung cancer
- Photomicrograph showing acute promyelocytic leukemia (acute leukemia)
- X-ray showing clavicle fracture
- Chest x-ray showing pneumothorax
- Abdominal CT showing acute cholecystitis (cholelithiasis and cholecystitis)
- Intra-operative photograph showing mesenteric ischemia (intestinal ischemia)
- Photograph showing a furuncle (skin and soft tissue infections)
- Photograph showing uterine prolapse (pelvic organ prolapse)
- Photograph showing pilonidal cyst resection
- Cranial CT scan showing sinusitis
- 2 photographs showing the dissected superficial muscles of the back (shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus)
- 2 illustrations depicting the innervation of the lower extremity (thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa; the leg, ankle, and foot)
- Photograph showing the gross appearance of an autopsied stomach
- Photomicrograph depicting the parietal cells and chief cells of stomach mucosa
- Photomicrograph depicting gastric mucosa (stomach)
- Barium meal showing duodenal stenosis (pancreas)
- Illustration showing an overview of the lipid metabolism and lipid-lowering agents (statins)
- Illustration depicting the origin of the cranial nerves from the ventral surface of the brain (cranial nerve palsies)
- Cranial CT showing oligodendroglioma (brain tumors)
- Illustration depicting the gross anatomy of the liver
- CT scan of the abdomen showing hypertrophic gastropathy or Ménétrier's disease (atrophic gastritis)
- Illustration of the bony structures of the thorax (chest wall)
- Chest x-ray showing bullous emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
- Photomicrograph showing asteroid bodies in pulmonary sarcoidosis
- X-ray showing carpometacarpal osteoarthritis
- Illustration depicting the types of capillaries (blood vessels)
- Photomicrograph of a hemangioblastoma (brain tumors)
- Photomicrograph of a schwannoma (acoustic neuroma; brain tumors)
- Photograph showing a neuroma (schwannoma) of the median nerve (median nerve neuropathy)
- Illustration depicting the three axillary spaces (shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus)
- Intra-operative photograph showing endometriosis (pelvic pain)
- Photograph showing the technique to examine the conjunctiva (head and neck examination)
- Photograph showing an autopsied lung with metastases (general oncology)
- Illustration depicting the anatomy of the femur (thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Photograph showing the surface anatomy of the greater occipital nerve (shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus)
- Cranial CT showing brain metastases (general oncology)
- Brain MRI showing Alzheimer disease (case 17: Forgetfulness)
- Photograph of an autopsied heart showing a thrombus in the left atrium (atrial fibrillation)
- CT scan of the lumbar spine showing a paraspinal abscess (thoracic cavity)
- Photograph of an autopsied heart showing a ruptured papillary muscle (acute coronary syndrome)
- Lateral x-ray of the elbow showing an olecranon stress fracture (collection of orthopedic conditions)
- CT scan of the lumbar spine showing a paraspinal abscess (osteomyelitis)
- Photomicrograph showing a hepatocellular adenoma (benign liver tumors and hepatic cysts)
- Photomicrograph showing a cavernous hemangioma of the liver (benign liver tumors and hepatic cysts)
- Abdominal CT scan showing a Spigelian hernia (abdominal hernias)
- Photomicrograph showing small cell lung cancer
- Photomicrograph of a pulmonary hamartoma (lung cancer)
- Photomicrograph of a bronchogenic cyst (congenital diaphragmatic hernias)
- Photomicrograph showing Langerhans cell histiocytosis (benign bone tumors)
- Chest x-ray showing Ebstein anomaly (cyanotic congenital heart defects )
- Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy (pulmonary embolism)
- Photomicrograph of renal infarction (acute kidney injury)
- Photomicrograph of reactive gliosis (stroke)
- Intraoperative photograph showing peritoneal carcinomatosis (general oncology)
- Illustration depicting the muscles of the chest wall
- Abdominal CT scan showing a subcapsular hepatic hematoma (blunt abdominal trauma)
- Photomicrograph of liver cirrhosis
- Photomicrograph showing uric acid crystals (nephrolithiasis)
- Photomicrograph showing struvite crystals (nephrolithiasis)
- 2 Photographs showing Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- Photograph showing keratoderma blenorrhagicum (reactive arthritis)
- Photograph showing seborrheic keratosis (benign skin lesions)
- Illustration depicting hammer toe and claw toe deformities
- Illustration depicting the three ossicles of the ear
- Illustration depicting the musculoskeletal system of the dorsal thigh (thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Illustration depicting the hamstring muscles and the popliteus (thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa)
- Photograph showing paraphimosis (disorders of the glans penis and foreskin)
- Chest x-ray of pulmonary metastases (lung cancer; colon cancer)
- Photograph showing candidal vulvovaginitis
- Photograph showing a Bartholin cyst (female reproductive organs)
- Chest x-ray showing a pneumoperitoneum (peptic ulcer disease)
- Photograph showing an ileostomy (bowel surgery)
- Photograph showing cervical ectropion (diagnostic procedures in gynecology)
- Photograph showing acute tonsillitis
- Illustration depicting bacterial transformation (general bacteriology)
- Illustration depicting bacterial conjugation (general bacteriology)
- Illustration depicting bacterial transduction (general bacteriology)
- Illustration depicting bacterial transposition (general bacteriology)
- X-ray of the foot showing pes cavus and os peroneum (foot deformities)
- Photograph of the foot showing pes planus (foot deformities)
- Photograph of the foot showing pes cavus (foot deformities)
- Chest x-ray showing a solitary pulmonary mass (lung cancer)
- X-ray showing gamekeeper thumb (finger injuries)
- Fundoscopic image showing subretinal hemorrhage (age-related macular degeneration)
- Slitlamp examination showing a cataract
- Normal x-ray of the hands and wrist joints (forearm, wrist, and hand)
- 3 photographs showing scleritis (scleritis and episcelritis)
- CT scan of the chest showing hydropneumothorax (pneumothorax)
- Cranial MRI showing medulloblastoma (brain tumors)
- Photograph showing tinea capitis (dermatophyte infections)
- Photograph showing posteromedial papillary muscle rupture (acute coronary syndrome)
- Photograph showing bite wounds (wound treatment)
- Photograph showing the gross appearance of liver metastases (hepatocellular carcinoma)
- Photograph showing psoriasis
- Photograph showing atopic dermatitis
- X-ray showing the normal Y view of the shoulder (shoulder dislocation)
- X-ray showing a posterior shoulder dislocation
- 2 x-rays showing pneumoperitoneum (peptic ulcer; peritonitis)
- Photograph showing bilateral subconjunctival hemorrhage (conjunctival degenerations, dystrophies, and tumors)
- Illustration depicting types of synovial joints (general anatomy)
- Photograph showing telangiectasia in CREST (systemic sclerosis)
- 2 photographs showing sclerodactyly in CREST (systemic sclerosis)
- Photograph showing salt-and-pepper appearance of skin (systemic sclerosis)
- Photograph showing superior vena cava obstruction (lung cancer)
- Endoscopic image showing eosinophilic esophagitis (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
- Photograph showing lichen planus
- Photograph showing ecthyma (impetigo)
- CT scan showing hepatic metastases (hepatocellular carcinoma)
- X-ray showing hallux valgus deformity (toe deformities)
- CT scan showing hydronephrosis and hydroureter (urinary tract obstruction)
- Illustration depicting the branches of the abdominal aorta (gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting the blood supply of the thyroid gland
- Photograph showing joint hypermobility (Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome)
- Photograph showing a Spigelian hernia (abdominal hernias)
- Endoscopic view of esophageal cancer
- Endoscopic view of esophageal varices (portal hypertension)
- Photograph showing Raynaud's phenomenon (systemic sclerosis)
- Photograph showing gas gangrene
- 2 x-rays showing gas gangrene
- CT scan showing massive splenomegaly
- Fundoscopy showing proliferative diabetic retinopathy (diabetes mellitus)
- 2 x-rays showing large bowel obstruction
- Fundoscopic image showing CMV retinitis (cytomegalovirus infection)
- MRI image showing subacute subdural hematoma (abusive head trauma) (child maltreatment)
- Photograph showing a hematoma (principles of dermatology)
- Chest x-ray showing silicosis
- 2 photographs demonstrating piano key sign (acromioclavicular joint injury)
- X-ray of the shoulder showing acromioclavicular joint injury
- Photograph showing a pinguecula (conjunctival degenerations, dystrophies, and tumors)
- X-ray showing maxillary sinusitis
- 2 photographs showing acanthamoeba keratitis
- Photograph showing disciform keratitis
- Photograph showing a saddle thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism)
- X-ray showing an osteosarcoma (malignant bone tumors)
- Illustration depicting the motor homunculus (the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Illustration depicting the sensory homunculus (the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Illustration depicting free fluid in the rectouterine pouch (large intestine)
December 2018
Questions
Articles
- New articles published:
Multimedia added
- Illustration showing pressure-volume loops in systolic and diastolic dysfunction (Congestive heart failure)
- Osmosis.org video on psoriasis
November 2018
Questions
Articles
- New articles published:
Multimedia added
- Photograph showing tinea versicolor skin lesions
- Illustration showing the retinacula of the extensor and fibularis muscles of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
- Osmosis.org video on Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome
- Osmosis.org video on Septic arthritis
- Osmosis.org video on Acne vulgaris
- Osmosis.org video on CREST syndrome (Systemic sclerosis)
- Osmosis.org video on Food allergies
- Osmosis.org video on Breast cancer
- Osmosis.org video on rotator cuff tears (Soft tissue lesions of the shoulder)
- Osmosis.org video on Guillain-Barré syndrome
October 2018
Questions
Multimedia added
- Photomicrograph of an osteosarcoma (Malignant bone tumors)
- Photomicrograph of amastigotes in cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Titration curve of valine (Amino acids)
- Photograph showing erythema marginatum (Rheumatic fever)
- Illustration depicting polymodal receptors (Local anesthetic agents)
- Photomicrograph of a peripheral blood smear showing characteristic findings in iron deficiency anemia
- Illustration showing mechanical work of breathing in normal and pathological circumstances (Respiratory physiology)
- Illustration depicting the cells and structures of airways and lungs
- Photomicrograph of a mucous acinus (General histology)
September 2018
Questions
Multimedia added
- Illustration showing typical facial and cranial features of Down syndrome
- Illustration depicting flow cytometry (Pathology techniques)
- Illustration depicting RNA transcription (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting the transcription bubble (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting DNA supercoils (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting upstream and downstream nucleotides (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting RNA splicing (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting intron-exon boundaries (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting the leucine zipper motif (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting the basic helix-loop-helix motif (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting the ions in resting potential (Resting potentials and action potentials)
- Photomicrograph of the macula densa of a renal corpuscle (Kidneys)
- Illustration depicting the numbering of permanent dentition (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Illustration depicting the lesser sac or omental bursa (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting the medial wall of the orbit (Eye and orbit)
- Illustration depicting the lateral wall of the orbit (Eye and orbit)
- Illustration depicting Frank-Starling mechanism (Cardiovascular physiology)
- Illustration depicting the cardiac cycle (Cardiovascular physiology)
- Illustration depicting the pressure curve of the left ventricle and aorta (Cardiovascular physiology)
- Illustration depicting the volume curve of the left ventricle (Cardiovascular physiology)
- Illustration depicting the urachus and urachal abnormalities (Overview of the urinary tract)
- Illustration depicting the mechanism of action of antifungals
- Illustration depicting renal embryology (stages) (Kidneys)
- Illustration depicting renal embryology (derivatives) (Kidneys)
- Flowchart depicting the classification of Gram negative bacteria (General bacteriology)
- Fundoscopic image of bilateral papilledema (Disorders of the visual pathway)
August 2018
Articles
- New articles published
- Toe deformities
- Spinal cord tracts and reflexes
- Cerebellum
- General bacteriology
- Arm and elbow
- Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
- Bone tissue
- The leg, ankle, and foot
- Thigh, knee, and popliteal fossa
- Cardiovascular physiology
- Disorders of the visual pathway
- Glycogen metabolism
- Forearm, wrist, and hand
- The placenta, umbilical cord, and amniotic sac
- Prenatal and postnatal physiology
- Cytokines
- Physiology and abnormalities of the pupil
- Purines and pyrimidines
- Heart
- Thoracic cavity
- Cerebrovascular system
- Cartilage
- Thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
- Adipose tissue
- Overview of the head and neck region
- Shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus
- Overview of the urinary tract
- Nerve tissue, synapses, and neurotransmitters
- Infection prevention and control
- Brainstem
- Lipids and fat metabolism
- Carbohydrates
- Articles with added sections
Multimedia added
- Illustration providing an overview of the most important pathogenic bacteria (Bacteria overview)
- Illustration showing the basal ganglia on a transverse section of the brain (The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Illustration showing the basal ganglia on a coronal section of the brain (The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Photograph showing hypospadias (Bladder exstrophy, abnormalities of the male urethra, and webbed penis)
- Photograph of a hematoma of the upper arm (Principles of dermatology)
- Photograph showing senile purpura (Principles of dermatology)
- MRI showing a foramen magnum meningioma
- Blood smear showing a macro-ovalocyte (Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin)
- Photomicrograph showing the meninges and the subarachnoidal space (The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Histopathological image showing miliary tuberculosis
- Histopathological image showing coccidioidomycosis (General mycology)
- Histopathological image showing paracoccidioidomycosis (General mycology)
- Photomicrograph of duodenal tissue (Virtual histology slide box)
- Osmosis.org videos on tuberous sclerosis and neurofibromatosis (Neurocutaneous syndromes)
- Osmosis.org video on brain herniation (Elevated intracranial pressure and brain herniation)
- Osmosis.org video on antiphospholipid syndrome
- Osmosis.org video on psoriatic arthritis (Psoriasis)
- Histopathological image of histoplasma capsulatum mould form (General mycology)
- Histopathological image of Blastomyces dermatitidis (yeast form) (General mycology)
- Histopathological image of Blastomyces dermatitidis (mould form) (General mycology)
- Histopathological image of hamartomatous polyp (Colonic polyps)
- Histopathological image of hyperplastic polyp (Colonic polyps)
- Histopathological image of inflammatory pseudopolyp (Colonic polyps)
- Illustration of structure of the diaphragm (frontal view) (Thoracic cavity)
- Illustration of structure of the diaphragm (cranial view) (Thoracic cavity)
- Histopathological image of chronic viral hepatitis (Hepatitis B)
- Histopathological image of membranous nephropathy (Nephrotic syndrome)
- Histopathological image of Riedel's thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis)
- Histopathological image of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (Subacute thyroiditis)
- Photograph showing alopecia areata (Alopecia)
- Photography showing trichotillomania (Alopecia)
- Photograph of the thoracic cavity
- Illustration of the muscles of the iris (Eye and orbit)
- Illustrations of the external carotid artery and its branches (Overview of the head and neck region)
- Illustration of the optic nerve and the visual pathway (Cranial nerve palsies)
- Photograph showing pseudofolliculitis barbae (Collection of dermatological disorders)
- Image showing a 12-lead ECG with U-waves in a hypokalemic patient (Diurectics)
- Histopathological image of a Gaucher cell (Osteonecrosis of the femoral head)
- MRI showing central pontine myelinolysis (Sodium disorders)
- Illustration of the microstructure of the kidney (Kidneys)
- Fundoscopy of the right retina (Eye and orbit)
- Illustration showing Bohr and Haldane effects (Erythrocyte morphology and hemoglobin)
- Histopathological image of Hassal corpuscle (Lymphatic system)
- Illustration of folliculogenesis (Female reproductive organs)
- Line diagram of the overview of the autonomic nervous system
- Histopathological image of sporothrix schenckii mould form (General mycology)
- Photograph showing Addisonian hyperpigmentation (Adrenal insufficiency)
- Photograph showing acanthosis nigricans (Gastric cancer)
- Photograph showing steroid purpura (Glucocorticoids)
- Photograph showing steroid skin atrophy (Glucocorticoids)
- Illustration of the structure of the breast
- Photograph showing angiokeratomas (Lysosomal storage diseases)
- Photograph of a fundoscopic image of a cherry red spot (Lysosomal storage diseases)
- MRI showing a pituitary gland tumor (Hyperprolactinemia)
- Illustration of the spinocerebellar tract (Spinal cord tracts and reflexes)
- Illustration of the tracts of the spinal cord (Spinal cord tracts and reflexes)
- Histopathological image of candida albicans (Aspergillosis)
- Histopathological image of coccidioides imitis (Aspergillosis)
- Photomicrograph of skeletal muscle
- Illustration depicting the receptors and transmitters of the autonomic nervous system
- Illustration showing an overview of the cells and structures of airways and lungs
- Illustration depicting the spinal cord tracts (Spinal cord tracts and reflexes)
- Illustration depicting the cross-section of the penis (Male reproductive organs)
- Illustration depicting the gustatory pathway (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Illustration depicting the gustatory receptor depolarization (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Photomicrograph of the lingual papillae (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Photomicrograph of the lip (Oral cavity and teeth)
- Photomicrograph of an alveolus (Airways and lungs)
- Photograph of the hilum of the left lung (Airways and lungs)
- Photomicrograph of a muscle spindle (The somatosensory system)
- Photomicrograph of the appendix (Large intestine)
- Illustration depicting gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (Gene expression and transcription)
- Illustration depicting the arch of the aorta (Thoracic cavity)
- Illustration depicting the effect of insulin on glycogen metabolism
- Illustration depicting degradation of ketone bodies (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Illustration depicting the blood-brain barrier (Nerve tissue, synapses, and neurotransmitters)
- Photomicrograph of the Pacinian corpuscle (The somatosensory system)
- Illustration depicting the cutaneous sensory receptors (The somatosensory system)
- Illustration depicting the functions of immunoglobulins (Adaptive immune system)
- MRI showing thyroid-associated orbitopathy (Graves disease)
- Illustration depicting the metabolism of fatty acids and triacylglycerol (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Histopathological image of collagen fibrils (Connective tissue)
- Histopathological image of reticular fibers (Connective tissue)
- Illustration depicting the organ of Corti (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the cross-section of the cochlea (The ear)
- Photograph of a healthy tympanic membrane (The ear)
- Illustration depicting the quadrants of the tympanic membrane (The ear)
- Ultrasound image of Ebstein anomaly (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Illustration of the insula (The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges)
- Photomicrograph of Meckel cartilage (Embryogenesis)
- Histopathological image of pilocytic astrocytoma
- Illustration depicting the rotation of the stomach (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting the intestinal rotation (Gastrointestinal tract)
- Illustration depicting the chemical structure of cholesterol (Lipids and fat metabolism)
- Photomicrograph of the trachea (Airways and lungs)
- Normal chest x-ray to demonstrate the lobes of the lungs (Airways and lungs)
- Photomicrograph of alveoli (Airways and lungs)
- MRI of the shoulder (Shoulder, axilla, and brachial plexus)
- Illustration depicting the muscles of the dorsum of the foot (The leg, ankle, and foot)
July 2018
Articles
- New articles published
- Skin and skin appendage
- Laboratory methods
- Lysosomal storage diseases
- Adrenal gland
- Pathological examination methods
- Basics of embryology
- Cellular changes and adaptive responses
- General oncology
- General mycology
- Resting potentials and action potentials
- Female reproductive organs
- Anthrax
- The cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and meninges
- Embryogenesis
- General virology
- Orthopedic shoulder examination
- Aging changes
- Esophagus
- Autonomic nervous system
- Kidney
- Vertebral column
- Eye and orbit
- Connective tissue
- The cell cycle
- Signal transduction
- Pelvis and hip joint
- Trace elements
- General histology
- Diseases of the vitreous body
- Health care system
- Articles with added sections
Multimedia added
- Illustration showing the incidences of the most common cancers (Prostate cancer)
- Illustration showing the distribution of different cancers as a cause of death (Lung cancer)
- Funduscopic image showing central retinal artery occlusion (Retinal vessel occlusion)
- Gross photograph showing tuberculous meningitis
- Micrograph of a stool mount showing Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites (Amebiasis)
- Histopathological images of meningiomas (Meningioma)
- Histopathological image showing pulmonary aspergillosis
- Histopathological image showing pyogenic granuloma (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph showing a Burton line in chronic lead poisoning (Metal toxicity)
- Photograph showing cutaneous lesions in bacillary angiomatosis (HIV-associated conditions)
- Photograph showing cutaneous manifestations of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (Colonic polyps)
- Photograph showing a pigmented basal cell carcinoma
- Photograph showing schistocytes in a peripheral blood smear (Hemolytic uremic syndrome)
- Photograph showing ash-leaf spots in tuberous sclerosis (Neurocutaneous syndromes)
- Photograph showing cherry hemangioma (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph showing nail pitting and onycholysis in psoriasis
- Illustration showing mechanisms of action of antibiotics interfering with folate/tetrahydrofolate synthesis (Overview of antibiotic therapy)
- Osmosis.org video on Syringomyelia
- Osmosis.org video on Prostate cancer
- Osmosis.org video on Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (Inborn errors of metabolism)
June 2018
Articles
Multimedia added
- MRI showing cervical disc herniation and radiculopathy/myelopathy (Degenerative disc disease)
- MRI showing neurocysticercosis
- CT showing neurocysticercosis
- X-rays showing silicosis
- Illustration showing ductal sex differentiation and the role of the SRY gene (Development of the reproductive system)
- Illustration showing the vascular supply of the palatine tonsils (Lymphatic system)
- Histopathological image showing Mallory body in steatohepatitis (Alcoholic liver disease)
- Histopathological image showing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (Esophageal cancer)
- Histopathological image showing fat necrosis of the breast (Benign breast conditions)
- Histopathological image showing Call-Exner bodies (Ovarian tumors)
- Histopathological image showing a Schiller-Duval body (Testicular tumors)
- Histopathological image showing spongiform degeneration in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Photograph showing an umbilical hernia in a newborn (Abdominal hernias)
- Photograph showing nail clubbing (Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale)
- Photograph showing female pattern baldness (Alopecia)
- Photograph showing corneal clouding (Inborn errors of metabolism)
- Illustration showing innervation of the tongue (Facial nerve palsy)
- Osmosis.org video aphthous stomatitis
- Osmosis.org video on acute appendicitis
- Osmosis.org video acute cholangitis
- Osmosis.org video vasculitides
- Osmosis.org videos on biliary atresia, gastroschisis, and omphalocele (Congenital visceral malformations)
- Osmosis.org video on benign liver tumors and hepatic cysts
- Osmosis.org videos on celiac disease and tropical sprue (Celiac disease)
- Osmosis.org video on Hirschsprung's disease
- Osmosis.org video on Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
- Osmosis.org video on Intussusception
- Osmosis.org video on Irritable bowel syndrome
- Osmosis.org video on jaundice (Jaundice and cholestasis)
- Osmosis.org videos on Goodpasture syndrome and IgA nephropathy (Nephritic syndrome)
- Osmosis.org videos on minimal change disease, membranous glomerulonephritis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (Nephrotic syndrome)
- Osmosis.org video on Lactose intolerance
- Osmosis.org video on Pancreatic cancer
May 2018
Articles
- Gastrointestinal tract
- Counseling patients
- Male reproductive organs
- Vitamins
- Larynx
- Gallbladder and bile
- Mitochondrial respiratory chain
- Schistosomiasis
- Pancreas
- Citric acid cycle
- Stomach
Multimedia added
- X-ray showing atelectasis
- X-ray showing Hampton's hump in Pulmonary embolism
- MRI showing skull lesion in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Benign bone tumors)
- Photograph showing single transverse palmar crease in Down syndrome
- Photograph showing solar lentigo (Benign skin lesions)
- Histopathologic image showing fat necrosis of the breast (Benign breast conditions)
- Histopathologic image showing cerebellar hemangioblastoma (Brain tumors)
- Histopathologic image showing neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease)
- Microscopic immunofluorescence image showing pemphigus vulgaris (Autoimmune blistering diseases)
- Peripheral blood smear showing Heinz bodies (Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency)
- Photograph showing rheumatoid nodules (Rheumatoid arthritis)
- Photograph showing eruptive xanthomas (Lipid disorders)
- Photograph showing onycholysis in psoriatic arthritis (Psoriasis)
- MRI showing typical findings in Wernicke encephalopathy (Wernicke encephalopathy and Korsakoff syndrome)
- Diagram illustrating competitive antagonism (Fundamentals of pharmacology)
- Histopathologic image showing phyllodes tumor (Benign breast conditions)
- Photograph showing nodular melanoma
- Photomicrograph showing myeloblast with Auer rod (Acute leukemia)
- Gross photograph showing pleural plaques in asbestosis
- Photograph showing androgenetic alopecia
- Photograph showing xeroderma pigmentosum (Collection of dermatological disorders)
- Illustration showing localization of arterial occlusion in peripheral arterial disease
- Illustration showing Fontaine Classification of peripheral arterial disease
- Osmosis.org video on peripheral arterial disease
- Osmosis.org video on patent ductus arteriosus (Acyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Osmosis.org video on ventricular septal defect (Acyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Osmosis.org video on pericarditis
- Osmosis.org video on supraventricular premature beats
- Osmosis.org video on ventricular premature beats
- Osmosis.org video on pulmonary embolism
- Osmosis.org video on pulmonary hypertension (Pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale)
- Osmosis.org video on Raynaud phenomenon
- Osmosis.org video on rheumatic fever
- Osmosis.org video on superior vena cava syndrome (Lung cancer)
- Osmosis.org video on tetralogy of Fallot (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Osmosis.org video on transposition of the great arteries (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Osmosis.org video on hypoplastic left heart syndrome (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Osmosis.org video on truncus arteriosus (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Osmosis.org video on vascular dementia
- Osmosis.org video on vascular tumors (HIV-associated conditions)
- Osmosis.org video on ventricular tachycardia
- Osmosis.org video on abscesses (Skin and soft tissue infections)
- Osmosis.org video on allergic rhinitis
- Osmosis.org video on candidiasis
- Osmosis.org video on laryngitis
- Osmosis.org video on delayed puberty
- Osmosis.org video on hyperaldosteronism (Primary hyperaldosteronism)
- Osmosis.org video on Kallmann syndrome (Infertility)
- Osmosis.org video on prolactinoma (Pituitary adenoma)
- Osmosis.org video on syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
- Osmosis.org video on rheumatoid arthritis
- Osmosis.org video on Down syndrome
- Osmosis.org videos on cholelithiasis and cholecystitis
- Osmosis.org video on acute pancreatitis
- Osmosis.org video on alcoholic liver disease
April 2018
Multimedia added
- Photograph showing bacillary angiomatosis (HIV-associated conditions)
- Photograph showing a hypertrophic scar (Wound healing)
- Photograph showing lipomas on the forearm (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph showing a subungual glomus tumor (Glomus tumors)
- Graphs showing CD4 counts, antibody levels and viral loads during untreated infection with Human immunodeficiency virus
- X-ray showing spontaneous pneumothorax
- X-ray showing atelectasis
- Photograph showing papulopustular rosacea
- Photograph showing Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-associated conditions)
- Photomicrograph showing Cryptococcus neoformans (Meningitis)
- Photomicrograph showing cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in a mouse (Meningitis)
- Gross photograph showing arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
- Gross photograph showing concentric cardiac hypertrophy (Cardiomyopathy)
- Gross photograph showing a thrombus in the left atrium (Atrial fibrillation)
- Histopathologic image showing myofibrillar disarray (Cardiomyopathy)
- Gross photograph showing Meckel diverticulum
- Photograph showing acanthosis nigricans (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph showing actinic keratosis (Precancerous skin lesions)
- Microscopic image showing Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis)
- Photograph showing lymphedema (Edema)
- Photograph showing cutaneous manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma (HIV-associated conditions)
- Photograph showing allergic contact dermatitis (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Photograph showing a Kayser-Fleischer ring (Wilson disease)
- Photograph showing atypical nevi (Melanoma)
- Photograph showing erythema migrans in Lyme disease
- MRI showing a tumor at the base the skull (Brain tumors)
- Illustration of the clinical courses of multiple sclerosis
- Osmosis.org video myocardial infarction (Acute coronary syndrom)
- Osmosis.org video on atherosclerosis
- Osmosis.org video on aortic valve disease (Aortic regurgitation)
- Osmosis.org videos on atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation
- Osmosis.org videos on hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy
- Osmosis.org video on hypertension
- Osmosis.org video on Kawasaki disease
- Osmosis.org video on lymphedema (Edema)
- Graphic overview of the serology of hepatitis A, B, and C (Hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C)
- Overview of the Forrest classification (Gastrointestinal bleeding)
- Illustration of uterine rupture and dehiscence (Uterine rupture)
- Illustration of Bandl's ring in imminent uterine rupture (Uterine rupture)
- Illustration of placental abruption and types of hemorrhage (Antepartum hemorrhage)
- Worldwide incidence of tuberculosis
- ECG examples of RBBB, LBBB, poor R wave progression, deep S wave (ECG)
- Illustration showing the differentiation of the urogenital sinus (Development of the reproductive system)
March 2018
Questions
- 14 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
- 153 new step 1 questions published
- 23 published questions optimized
Articles
- New articles published
- 134 published articles optimized or updated
Multimedia added
- Osmosis.org video on Cushing's syndrome
- Osmosis.org video on Sheehan's syndrome (Hypopituitarism)
- Osmosis.org video on pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (Pancreatic cancer)
- Osmosis.org video on carcinoid syndrome (Carcinoid tumor)
- Osmosis.org video on aortic dissection
- Osmosis.org video on angina pectoris (Principles of coronary heart disease)
- Osmosis.org video on aneurysm
- Osmosis.org videos on hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke
- Osmosis.org videos on acute kidney injury
- Photograph of a head louse (Lice infestation)
- Overview of the differential diagnosis of autoimmune blistering diseases
- Illustration depicting the pharmacodynamic properties of chemotherapeutic agents
- Image of auricular keloids
- Image of urticaria
- Photomicrograph of a seminoma
- Photomicrography of foam cells in the spleen of a patient with Niemann-Pick disease
- ECG showing sinus bradycardia with sinus pause (Sick sinus syndrome)
- CT showing a blowout fracture of the orbital floor (Traumatic eye injuries)
- CT and ultrasound showing traumatic lens dislocation (Traumatic eye injuries)
- Microscopic image showing foam cells (Atherosclerosis)
- Photograph showing cutaneous lichen planus
- Graphic overviews of physiologic heme synthesis and of common disorders (Porphyrias )
- Graphic overview of ethanol metabolism (Poisoning)
- Photograph of a child suffering from Prader-Willi syndrome (Rare inherited syndromes)
- Photograph of a child suffering from Fragile X syndrome (Rare inherited syndromes)
- Photographs showing sialolithiasis and bacterial sialadenitis (Diseases of the salivary glands)
February 2018
January 2018
Questions
- 10 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
- 40 published questions optimized
Multimedia added
- Illustration of a hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis)
- Graph showing the therapeutic index (Fundamentals of pharmacology)
- ECG showing acute pericarditis
- Images showing expulsed placenta (Childbirth)
- Illustration of the thyroid gland and its relation to surrounding structures (Thyroid surgery)
December 2017
December 16-31
Questions
- 7 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Multimedia added
- Illustration showing histopathological stages of cervical cancer
- Microscopy of normal cervical tissue (Cervical cancer)
- MRI showing a cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma
- Illustrations showing anatomy and pathophysiology in angle-closure glaucoma
December 1-15
Questions
- 5 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Multimedia added
- CT showing dissection of ascending aorta (Aortic dissection)
- CT showing dissection of descending aorta (Aortic dissection)
- X-ray showing acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Fundoscopic image showing “pizza pie” appearance in cytomegalovirus infection
- Illustrations showing sensitivity vs. specificity (Epidemiology)
November 2017
Questions
- 35 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Multimedia added
- ECG showing typical findings in acute pericarditis
- Illustration showing closed reduction of uncomplicated elbow dislocation
October 2017
October 16-31
Questions
- 150 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Article sections revised
- Differential diagnoses in obstructive sleep apnea
- Hypothesis testing and probability in statistical analysis of data
- Overview in paraneoplastic syndromes
- Side effects in inhalational anesthetics
Multimedia added
- CT showing solitary pulmonary nodule (Lung cancer)
- X-ray showing plasmacytoma of the femur (Multiple myeloma)
- X-ray showing solitary pulmonary nodule (Lung cancer)
- Microscopy of promyelocyte containing Auer rods (Acute leukemia)
- X-ray showing large left-sided pleural effusion
- Illustrations showing the Cabrera circle and the standard method of determining the heart axis (ECG)
- Photograph showing cutis marmorata (Principles of dermatology)
- Illustrations showing graphical representations of categorical and continuous data (Statistical analysis of data)
October 1-15
Questions
- 100 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Multimedia added
- Photograph showing HSV keratitis under fluorescein stain (Keratitis)
- Photograph showing common warts (Benign skin lesions)
- Bell curve showing normal distribution of dataset and standard deviations (Statistical analysis of data)
- X-ray showing findings of chronic gout (Gout and hyperuricemia)
- ECG showing Torsade de Pointes tachycardia (Ventricular tachycardia)
- Microscopy images showing amyloidosis (with and without polarized light illumination)
- Microscopy image of multiple myeloma
- Microscopy image of eosinophilia
- Microscopy image of essential thrombocythemia
- Microscopy image of mastocytosis
- Microscopy image of dacryocytes
- Microscopy image of fragmentocytes
- Microscopy image of left shift (basics of hematology)
- Microscopy image of mantle cell lymphoma
- Microscopy image of hairy cell leukemia
- Microscopy image of Hodgkin lymphoma
- Microscopy image of infectious mononucleosis
- Microscopy image of hemolytic anemia
- Microscopy image showing a blood smear of a malaria case
- EEG showing temporal seizures (Focal seizures and syndromes)
- X-ray showing osteochondroma of the femur (Benign bone tumors)
- Rouleaux formation in peripheral blood smear (Multiple myeloma)
September 2017
September 16-30
Questions
- 107 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Multimedia added
- Photograph showing HSV keratitis under fluorescein stain (Keratitis)
- Photograph showing Kaposi sarcoma on skin (HIV-associated conditions)
- Histopathologic image of a duodenal biopsy in Whipple's disease (Celiac disease)
- X-ray showing pulmonary fibrosis caused by amiodarone
September 1-15
Questions
- 100 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Article sections revised
Multimedia added
- Photograph showing Gottron papules (Inflammatory myopathies)
- Photograph showing heliotrope rash (Inflammatory myopathies)
- Transmission electron microscopy of rota virions (Rotavirus infection)
- Microscopy of blood smear in chronic eosinophilic leukemia
- Photograph of urushiol rash on a leg (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Normal and various pathologic flow-volume loops (Pulmonary function testing)
August 2017
August 16-31
Questions
- 103 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Article sections revised
- Hearing aids added in hearing loss
- Pathophysiology of migraine added
- Diagnostic criteria of toxic megacolon
Multimedia added
- Photograph showing a chalazion (Inflammation of the eyelids)
- ECG showing polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
- ECG showing junctional tachycardia (Overview of cardiac arrhythmias)
- ECG showing sinus bradycardia (Overview of cardiac arrhythmias)
- Microscopy showing a Reed-Sternberg cell (Hodgkin lymphoma)
- X-ray showing skull lesions in multiple myeloma
- ECGs showing atrial fibrillation
- Polarizing light microscopy showing synovial fluid in pseudogout (Gout and hyperuricemia)
- ECG showing third-degree atrioventricular block also
- Photographs showing Osler nodes and Janeway lesions (Infective endocarditis)
- Microscopy of blood smear in hairy cell leukemia (Non-Hodgkin lymphomas)
- X-ray showing bamboo spine (Ankylosing spondylitis)
- Photograph showing macrocephaly in fragile X syndrome (Rare inherited syndromes)
- Illustration showing the pathophysiology of supraventricular tachycardias (Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia)
August 1-15
Questions
- 101 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Article sections revised
Multimedia added
- Photographs of seborrheic dermatitis
- Images in vertebral fractures
- X-ray showing PCP (Pneumocystis pneumonia)
- ECG showing v-fib (Ventricular fibrillation)
- CTG showing normal findings (Childbirth)
- Images in cervical cancer
- X-ray showing pulmonary aspergillosis with air crescent sign (Aspergillosis)
- Video of normal findings in cardiac auscultation (Cardiovascular examination)
- Video of auscultatory findings in aortic valve stenosis
- Video of auscultatory findings in aortic regurgitation
- Video of auscultatory findings in mitral regurgitation
July 2017
July 16-31
Questions
- 101 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
- Somatic symptom and related disorders
- Electroconvulsive therapy
- Cardiac glycosides
- Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
- Tinnitus
- Psychotherapy and defense mechanisms
- Silicosis
Multimedia added
- Vitiligo images
- X-ray showing panlobular emphysema (Inborn errors of metabolism)
July 1-15
Questions
- 129 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Obsessive-compulsive disorders
- Principles of medical law and ethics
- Anxiety disorders
- Personality disorders
- Suicidality
- Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
Article sections revised
- Prevention in cases of postpartum hemorrhage in Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
- Uterine inversion added in postpartum hemorrhage
- HIV-associated CNS lesions
- Persistent depressive disorder in Major depressive disorder
- Shoulder dystocia in Birth traumas
Multimedia added
- X-ray of duodenal atresia
- X-ray of esophageal atresia
- Photograph of Meckel diverticulum
- Microscopic and CT image of aortic dissection
- X-ray of posterior shoulder dislocation in humerus fracture
- cCT of coup and contrecoup injury in traumatic brain injury
- Multiple diagnostic images in stroke
- CT image showing pancreatic calcifications in chronic pancreatitis
- cCT of a chronic subdural hematoma in subdural hematoma
- Illustrations of hemorrhoidopexies in hemorrhoids
- Photograph of Horner syndrome in Horner syndrome
- Photograph of elbow orthosis in elbow dislocation
- Sonographic image of a physiological uterus in endometrial cancer
- Multiple images in congenital neck masses
- Blood smear showing Howell-Jolly bodies in asplenia
- Illustration of giardiasis
- Illustration of surface projection of thyroid gland and surrounding anatomic structures in thyroid cancer
- Illustration of right and left lung in pulmonary examination
- Illustrations of microscopic liver structure in hepatitis A
- ECG showing monomorphic ventricular tachycardia
June 2017
June 16-30
Questions
- 110 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Infertility
- Menstrual cycle
- Sexuality and sexual medicine
- Hypogonadism
- Pregnancy loss
- Nonhormonal contraception
- Diagnostic procedures in gynecology
- Congenital anomalies of the kidneys
- Mechanics of childbirth
Article sections revised
- Cardiotocography of Childbirth
- Differential diagnoses in endometriosis
- Multiple sections in hypertensive pregnancy disorders
- Differential diagnoses in Pelvic inflammatory disease
- Subtypes and variants in acute limb ischemia
- Diagnostics and treatment section in Urinary tract obstruction
- New section about age-related sleep changes in sleep disorders
- Added Mittelschmerz subsection to Menstrual cycle and menstrual cycle abnormalities
Multimedia added
- Illustration of Leopold's maneuvers (Prenatal care)
- X-rays showing pulmonary metastases of a choriocarcinoma (Gestational trophoblastic disease)
- Microscopy image of pap smear with normal findings (Cervical cancer)
- Microscopy images of pap smears with CIN I-III (Cervical cancer)
- Photograph of leukocoria (Retinoblastoma)
- Illustration of a CTG with normal findings (Childbirth)
- Illustration of a CTG with early decelerations (Childbirth)
- Illustration of a CTG with late decelerations (Childbirth)
- Illustration of a CTG with variable decelerations (Childbirth)
- CT showing acute subdural hematoma (Subdural hematoma)
- Illustration of axillary fossa (Peripheral nerve injuries)
Flowcharts added
June 1-15
Questions
- 80 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Estrogen and associated diseases
Article sections revised
- Pathology of Breast Cancer
- Anatomy of the uterus in Anomalies of the female genital tract
- Treatment of Acne vulgaris
Multimedia added
Flowcharts added
- “Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis” added to the Diagnostics section of the Cystic fibrosis article
- “Treatment of status epilepticus” added to the Status epilepticus – Treatment subsection of the Complications section of the Seizure disorders article
- “Treatment of deep vein thrombosis” added to the Treatment section of the Deep vein thrombosis article
- “Diagnosis of precocious puberty” added to the Precocious puberty section of the Puberty article
May 2017
May 16-31
Questions
- 142 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Dissociative disorders
- Lice infestation
- Myelopathy
- Basics of hematology
- Poliomyelitis
- Abnormal behavior and impulse control disorders
- Child development and milestones
- Puberty
- Anorexia nervosa
- Pregnancy
- Immune system
- Emotional and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents
Article sections revised
- Special patient groups section in Traumatic brain injury revised
- Diagnostics in Disorders of calcium balance revised
- Diagnostics and treatment section in Alzheimer's disease
- Differential diagnoses section in Degenerative disc disease
- Umbilical cord complications added in Childbirth
- Section on management of asplenic patients optimized in Asplenia
- Section about Laryngomalacia on Croup added
- Section about Aromatase deficiency on Disorders of sex development added
- Table of Diagnostics in Thalassemia
- Intraventricular hemorrhage under the Preterm birth section of The newborn infant
- Transient tachypnea of the newborn under Differential diagnoses of Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- Pubertal gynecomastia added to Benign breast conditions
- Special patient groups section in Vulvovaginitis added
- Restructuring of Eating disorders
Multimedia added
- X-rays showing different humerus fractures (Humerus fracture)
- Photograph showing mallet finger (Finger injuries)
- Photograph showing boutonniere deformity (Finger injuries)
- Photograph showing rash in secondary syphilis (Syphilis)
- Photograph showing varicocele (Scrotal abnormalities)
- Photograph showing hydrocele (Scrotal abnormalities)
- Photograph showing infantile seborrheic dermatitis (Seborrheic dermatitis)
- Factsheet on measles (Measles)
- Factsheet on fifth disease (Fifth disease)
- Factsheet on roseola infantum (Roseola infantum)
- Factsheet on chickenpox (Chickenpox)
Flowcharts added
May 1-15
Questions
- 104 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
Article sections revised
- Section Blistering distal dactylitis added on Finger infections
- All sections in Acyanotic congenital heart defects revised
- Treatment section on Necrotizing enterocolitis revised
- Special patient groups section in Traumatic brain injury revised
Multimedia added
- Several images of different inflammations of the conjunctiva (Conjunctivitis)
- X-ray showing thumbprint sign (epiglottitis)
- CT of a parapharyngeal abscess (Deep neck infections)
- MRI of a spinal epidural hematoma (Incomplete spinal cord syndromes)
- Images for transurethral catheterization, urinary bladder and urination added (f.e., in Urinary retention)
- Illustration on “anatomic structures for a lumbar puncture and spinal anesthesia” (Lumbar puncture)
- Illustration on “Pancreas and surrounding organs” (f.e., in Pancreatic cancer)
- Illustration on “Anatomy of the lymph node” (f.e., in Non-Hodgkin lymphomas)
- X-ray showing small bowel obstruction (Bowel obstruction)
- Photograph of blue sclera in patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (Short stature)
- ECG showing atrial flutter (Atrial fibrillation)
- Image added to clinical features section (Fifth disease)
- Image added to Osteogenesis imperfecta (Short stature)
- Illustrations on “Anatomy of the stomach” and “Classification of gastric cancer” (f.e., Gastric cancer)
- Photograph showing hair tourniquet (Acute limb ischemia)
- Illustration on “Parts of the colon” (f.e., Intestinal ischemia)
- Illustrations on hepatic microstructure (f.e., Wilson's disease)
- Illustration on Fetal and postnatal circulation (Cyanotic congenital heart defects)
- Illustration on Costovertebral joints and ligaments (f.e., Degenerative disc disease)
- Fundoscopic image showing bilateral papilledema (Hypertension)
- CT showing cerebellar hemangioblastoma (Brain tumors)
- Photograph showing leukocoria (Diseases of the retina)
- Photograph showing hemangioma of the scalp (Benign skin lesions)
- Photograph showing hypertropia (Ocular motility disorders and strabismus)
April 2017
April 16-30
Questions
- 90 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Spasticity
- Postpartum hemorrhage
- Focal seizures and syndromes
- Chemotherapeutic agents
- Cerebral palsy
- Hearing loss
- Neonatal jaundice
- Neuralgic amyotrophy
Article sections revised
- Greater trochanteric pain syndrome
- Several sections in Neurological examination
- Overview in Congenital TORCH infections
Multimedia added
- Coffee bean sign in sigmoid volvulus (Volvulus and intestinal malrotation)
- Bird's beak sign in cecal volvulus (Volvulus and intestinal malrotation)
- X-ray in deep neck infection (Deep neck infections)
- X-ray of type C esophageal atresia (Esophageal atresia)
- X-ray of supracondylar humeral fracture (Humerus fracture)
- X-ray of trimalleolar ankle fracture (Ankle fracture)
- X-ray of tibial fracture (Tibial fracture)
- Photograph of Rocky Mountain spotted fever rash (Zoonotic diseases)
- Photograph of cyanosis of the foot (Acute limb ischemia)
- Photograph of blue toe syndrome (Acute limb ischemia)
- Photograph of urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (Hypersensitivity reactions)
- Photograph of pilonidal abscess (Pilonidal cyst)
- CT of appendicitis with perforation and abscess (Acute appendicitis)
- MRI in frontotemporal dementia (Frontotemporal dementia)
- Microscopic image of synovial fluid crystals in gout (Gout and hyperuricemia)
- ECG showing sinus tachycardia (Overview of cardiac arrhythmias)
- ECG showing Torsade de Pointes tachycardia (Overview of cardiac arrhythmias)
- ECG showing multifocal atrial tachycardia (Overview of cardiac arrhythmias)
- Corkscrew esophagus on x-ray (Achalasia)
- X-ray of greenstick fracture of the radius (Pediatric fractures)
- Photograph of nonbullous impetigo (Impetigo)
- Photograph of plantar wart (Human papillomavirus infection)
- Steeple sign on x-ray (Croup)
- Photograph of deep vein thrombosis (Deep vein thrombosis)
Flowcharts added
- “Differential diagnosis of jaundice” added to the diagnostics section of Jaundice and cholestasis
- “Management of acute diverticulitis” added to the treatment section of Diverticular disease
- “Management of stroke” added to the diagnostics and treatment sections of Stroke
- “Management of penetrating thoracic trauma” added to the approach to penetrating chest trauma section of Penetrating trauma
- “Management of penetrating abdominal trauma” added to the approach to penetrating abdominal trauma section of Penetrating trauma
April 1-15
Questions
- 105 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Chronic otitis media
- Second-line lipid-lowering agents
- Antipsychotics
- Anticonvulsant drugs
- Schizophrenia
- Lithium
- Sleep disorders
- Metal toxicity
- Alcohol use disorder
- Polyneuropathy
- Medication for Parkinson's disease
- Radial neuropathies
- Cranial nerve palsies
- Craniovertebral junction anomalies
- Antihistamines
- Overview of palliative medicine
- Delirium
- Neurological examination
- Substance use disorders
- Diagnostic investigations in urology
- Wound healing
- Congenital immunodeficiency disorders
- Inborn errors of metabolism
- Teratogenic birth defects
- Hypothermia and frostbite
- Childbirth
- Hypertensive pregnancy disorders
- Cough
- Bulbar palsy
- Rare pneumoconioses
- Menopause
- Basics of human genetics
- Endophthalmitis
- Prenatal care
Article sections revised
- All sections in Asthma
- Diagnostics in Open-angle glaucoma + Angle-closure glaucoma
- Temporarily added Cerebral palsy to the The newborn infant
Multimedia added
- US map of areas endemic for Lyme disease
Flowcharts added
- “Diagnostic approach to nipple discharge” added to the diagnostic sections of Hyperprolactinemia and Nipple discharge
- “Management of pulmonary embolism” added to the diagnostics and treatment sections of Pulmonary embolism
March 2017
March 16–31
Questions
- 85 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
New articles published
- Rare neurological diseases
- Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
- Bipolar disorder
- Lumbar puncture
- Hereditary spastic paraplegia
- Tourette syndrome
- Nasal papilloma
- Immunosuppressants
- Cyanotic congenital heart defects
- Disorders of the glans penis and foreskin
- Pelvic organ prolapse
- Locked-in syndrome
- Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Carotid-cavernous fistula
- Spinocerebellar ataxia
- Transient global amnesia
- Erythema multiforme
Article sections revised
- Multiple sections in multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sections in asthma bronchiale
- Other types of penetrating injury
- Complications in influenza
- Treatment of essential tremor
- Multiple sections in acute tonsillitis
- Multiple sections in endometriosis
- Differential diagnoses in inflammatory myopathies
- Multiple sections in polycystic ovary syndrome
- Prognosis in Friedreich ataxia
Multimedia added
- US map of areas endemic for coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever)
- US map of areas endemic for blastomycosis
- US map of areas endemic for histoplasmosis
- Microscopy images of trichomonas vaginalis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (Vulvovaginitis)
- Photographs of hand and teeth in acromegaly (Acromegaly)
- X-ray of electrodes for deep brain stimulation (Parkinson's disease)
- Photographs of surgical position and skin incision in thyroidectomy (Thyroid surgery)
- MRCP showing cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis (cholelithiasis and cholecystitis)
- X-ray of a proximal humerus fracture (Humerus fracture)
- Photograph of forearm after fasciotomy (compartment syndrome)
- Photographs of subungual squamous cell carcinoma (Squamous cell carcinoma)
- X-ray of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (Pneumothorax)
March 1–15
Questions
- 75 new shelf and step 2 CK practice questions (please see the “Custom session” after clicking “Create a session” from the Qbank tab)
- 26 published questions optimized
New articles published
- Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
- Antiarrhythmic drugs
- Internal hernia
- Sports injuries
- Cleft lip and cleft palate
- Diseases of the lacrimal apparatus
- nitrate
- Carotid artery stenosis
- transplantation
- Laparoscopic surgery
- Laboratory medicine
- Elbow dislocation
- beta blockers
Article sections revised
- Diagnostic section in lung cancer
- Diagnostic section in breast cancer
- Phyllodes tumor of Benign breast neoplasms
Multimedia added
- Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (megacolon)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (Subarachnoid hemorrhage)
- Genu varum in rickets (Osteomalacia and Rickets)
- Schatzki ring (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)
- Video of Laparoscopic appendectomy (Acute appendicitis)
- Cecal volvulus (Volvulus and intestinal malrotation)
- Peripheral blood smear of iron deficiency anemia (Iron deficiency anemia)
Flowcharts added
- “Evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules” added to the diagnostic section of Lung cancer
- “Evaluation of palpable breast masses” added to the diagnostic sections of: Breast cancer and Benign breast conditions
- “Inhibition of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)” with overlay of drug effects in: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Acute coronary syndrome, and Diabetic nephropathy
3 free articles left this month